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Apportionment is the process by which seats in a legislative body are distributed among administrative divisions, such as states or parties, entitled to representation. This page presents the general principles and issues related to apportionment.
The Apportionment Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 35) extends to payments not made under any instrument in writing (section 2), but not to annual sums made payable in policies of insurance (section 6). Apportionment under the act can be excluded by express stipulation. [2] The apportionment created by this statute is "apportionment in respect of time."
Apportionment (politics), the process of allocating the power of a set of constituent voters among their political representatives Biproportional apportionment; Apportionment of votes in a proposed United Nations Parliamentary Assembly
Its output is a vector of integers , …, with = =, called an apportionment of , where is the number of items allocated to agent i. Iterative procedure [ edit ]
A quota-capped divisor method is an apportionment method where we begin by assigning every state its lower quota of seats. Then, we add seats one-by-one to the state with the highest votes-per-seat average, so long as adding an additional seat does not result in the state exceeding its upper quota. [ 30 ]
In general, a "fair" apportionment is one in which each allocation is as close as possible to the quota . An apportionment method may return a set of apportionment vectors (in other words: it is a multivalued function). This is required, since in some cases there is no fair way to distinguish between two possible solutions.
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When using the Hare quota, this rule is called Hamilton's method, and is the third-most common apportionment rule worldwide (after Jefferson's method and Webster's method). [ 1 ] Despite their intuitive definition, quota methods are generally disfavored by social choice theorists as a result of apportionment paradoxes .