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  2. Calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus

    Calculus is the mathematical study of continuous change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape, and algebra is the study of generalizations of arithmetic operations. Originally called infinitesimal calculus or "the calculus of infinitesimals", it has two major branches, differential calculus and integral calculus.

  3. List of formulae involving π - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_formulae_involving_π

    More formulas of this nature can be given, as explained by Ramanujan's theory of elliptic functions to alternative bases. Perhaps the most notable hypergeometric inversions are the following two examples, involving the Ramanujan tau function τ {\displaystyle \tau } and the Fourier coefficients j {\displaystyle \mathrm {j} } of the J-invariant ...

  4. Lists of integrals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_integrals

    C is used for an arbitrary constant of integration that can only be determined if something about the value of the integral at some point is known. Thus, each function has an infinite number of antiderivatives. These formulas only state in another form the assertions in the table of derivatives.

  5. Glossary of calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_calculus

    This formula summarizes the intuitive idea that the derivative of y with respect to x is the limit of the ratio of differences Δy/Δx as Δx becomes infinitesimal. differential calculus Is a subfield of calculus [30] concerned with the study of the rates at which quantities change.

  6. List of calculus topics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_calculus_topics

    Cavalieri's quadrature formula; Fundamental theorem of calculus; Integration by parts; Inverse chain rule method; Integration by substitution. Tangent half-angle substitution; Differentiation under the integral sign; Trigonometric substitution; Partial fractions in integration. Quadratic integral; Proof that 22/7 exceeds π; Trapezium rule ...

  7. Integral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral

    He used the results to carry out what would now be called an integration of this function, where the formulae for the sums of integral squares and fourth powers allowed him to calculate the volume of a paraboloid. [6] The next significant advances in integral calculus did not begin to appear until the 17th century.

  8. Vector calculus identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_calculus_identities

    Exterior calculus identities; Exterior derivative – Operation on differential forms; List of limits; Table of derivatives – Rules for computing derivatives of functions; Vector algebra relations – Formulas about vectors in three-dimensional Euclidean space

  9. Calculus of variations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_of_Variations

    Calculus of variations is concerned with variations of functionals, which are small changes in the functional's value due to small changes in the function that is its argument. The first variation [ l ] is defined as the linear part of the change in the functional, and the second variation [ m ] is defined as the quadratic part.

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