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In thermodynamics, the compressibility factor (Z), also known as the compression factor or the gas deviation factor, describes the deviation of a real gas from ideal gas behaviour. It is simply defined as the ratio of the molar volume of a gas to the molar volume of an ideal gas at the same temperature and pressure .
The compressibility factor is defined as = where p is the pressure of the gas, T is its temperature, and is its molar volume, all measured independently of one another. In the case of an ideal gas, the compressibility factor Z is equal to unity, and the familiar ideal gas law is recovered:
In an oxygen system the presence of oxygen is implied, and in a sufficiently high partial pressure of oxygen, most materials can be considered fuel. Potential ignition sources are present in almost all oxygen systems, but fire hazards can be mitigated by controlling the risk factors associated with the oxygen, fuel, or heat, which can limit the ...
compressibility effects; variable specific heat capacity; van der Waals forces; non-equilibrium thermodynamic effects; issues with molecular dissociation and elementary reactions with variable composition; For most applications, such a detailed analysis is unnecessary, and the ideal gas approximation can be used with reasonable accuracy.
In general, compressibility is defined as the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure, and may be determined for substances in any phase. Similarly, thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in volume in response to a change in temperature.
According to van der Waals, the theorem of corresponding states (or principle/law of corresponding states) indicates that all fluids, when compared at the same reduced temperature and reduced pressure, have approximately the same compressibility factor and all deviate from ideal gas behavior to about the same degree. [1] [2]
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The limiting oxygen concentration (LOC), [1] also known as the minimum oxygen concentration (MOC), [2] is defined as the limiting concentration of oxygen below which combustion is not possible, independent of the concentration of fuel. It is expressed in units of volume percent of oxygen. The LOC varies with pressure and temperature.