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It may be placed after an initial letter used to abbreviate a word. It is often placed after each individual letter in acronyms and initialisms (e.g. "U.S."). However, the use of full stops after letters in an initialism or acronym is declining, and many of these without punctuation have become accepted norms (e.g., "UK" and "NATO"). [b]
A period (a.k.a. full stop) is sometimes used to signify abbreviation, but opinion is divided as to when and if this convention is best practice. According to Hart's Rules, a word shortened by dropping letters from the end terminates with a period, whereas a word shorted by dropping letters from the middle does not.
A shortening is an abbreviation formed by removing at least the last letter of a word (e.g. etc. and rhino), and sometimes also containing letters not present in the full form (e.g. bike). As a general rule, use a full point after a shortening that only exists in writing (e.g. etc.) but not for a shortening that is used in speech (e.g. rhino).
A period is not used between person and number, e.g. 1PL, 2SG, 1DU, 3NSG (nonsingular). [2] _ [optional in place of period] when the language of the gloss lacks a one-word translation, a phrase may be joined by underscores, e.g., Turkish çık-mak (come_out-INF) "to come out"
"through a year" Used in the sense of "yearly". [1] per cent. per centum "for each one hundred" Commonly "percent" in American English. [6] PhD Philosophiae Doctor "Doctor of Philosophy" Where periods are used, it is "Ph.D." p.m. post meridiem "after midday" Used on the twelve-hour clock to indicate times after 12 midday.
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BCE and CE or BC and AD are written in upper case, unspaced, without a full stop (period), and separated from the numeric year by a space (5 BC, not 5BC). It is advisable to use a non-breaking space. AD appears before or after a year (AD 106, 106 AD); BCE, CE, and BC always appear after (106 CE, 3700 BCE, 3700 BC).
Acronyms are often spelled with the initial letter of each word in all caps with no punctuation. For some, an initialism [1] or alphabetism, connotes this general meaning, and an acronym is a subset with a narrower definition: an initialism pronounced as a