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The LAD gives off two types of branches: septals and diagonals. Septals originate from the LAD at 90 degrees to the surface of the heart, perforating and supplying the anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum. Diagonals run along the surface of the heart and supply the lateral wall of the left ventricle and the anterolateral papillary muscle.
Mechanical shifts that cause LAD are expiration or raised diaphragm from pregnancy, ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen), abdominal tumor, or enlarged liver or spleen. [2] Left axis deviation is a border deviation in athletes , which, if it is combined with another borderline feature such as right bundle branch block, requires further ...
Wellens' syndrome is an electrocardiographic manifestation of critical proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery stenosis in people with unstable angina. Originally thought of as two separate types, A and B, it is now considered an evolving wave form, initially of biphasic T wave inversions and later becoming symmetrical, often ...
Peripheral arterial disease is a blockage in the arteries that carry blood away from your heart. It usually develops in your legs. The strongest risk factors are diabetes and smoking.
Snares and tapes are used to facilitate exposure. The aim is to avoid distal ischemia caused by blockage of the vessel supplying distal portions of the left ventricle, so usually LITA to LAD is the first to be anastomosed and others follow. For the anastomosis, a fine tube blowing humidified CO 2 keeps the surgical field clean of blood. Also, a ...
de Winter syndrome is an electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern which often represents sudden near blockage of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). [1] [5] Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and sweating. [1] While typically due to blockage of the LAD, other arteries of the heart may be involved. [1]
Aortic stenosis is most commonly caused by age-related progressive calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) (>50% of cases), with a mean age of 65 to 70 years. CAVD is the build-up of calcium on the cusps of the valve, and this calcification causes hardening and stenosis of the valve. [ 22 ]
Arterial occlusion is a condition involving partial or complete blockage of blood flow through an artery. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to body tissues. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] An occlusion of arteries disrupts oxygen and blood supply to tissues, leading to ischemia . [ 1 ]