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Here's how to distinguish "sundowning"—agitation or confusion later in the day in dementia patients—from typical aging, from doctors who treat older ... you’re likely spending more time than ...
The National Academies of Medicine recommends six to nine 8-ounce cups of fluid per day for women and eight to 12 for men. Dmitrieva said those recommendations are ideal for an average person, and ...
In fact up to 28% of older Americans aren't meeting their hydration needs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention even notes that water intake is "significantly lower" in older adults.
Mild dehydration normally resolves with oral hydration. Chronic dehydration, such as from physically demanding jobs or decreased thirst, can lead to chronic kidney disease. [51] Elderly people with dehydration are at higher risk of confusion, urinary tract infections, falls, and even delayed wound healing. [52]
Delirium (formerly acute confusional state, an ambiguous term which is now discouraged) [1] is a specific state of acute confusion attributable to the direct physiological consequence of a medical condition, effects of a psychoactive substance, or multiple causes, which usually develops over the course of hours to days.
Hyponatremia is the most common type of electrolyte imbalance, and is often found in older adults. [11] [12] It occurs in about 20% of those admitted to hospital and 10% of people during or after an endurance sporting event. [3] [5] Among those in hospital, hyponatremia is associated with an increased risk of death. [5]
The treatment of pituitary tumors and the widespread use of opioids for pain, as well as exogenous glucocorticoid therapy for the numerous conditions that become more common in people over 60, are the main causes of a new diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency in older adults. [43] [44] Adrenal crisis is more likely to occur in older people. [45]
Electrolytes have different functions, and an important one is to carry electrical impulses between cells. [9] [10] [11] Kidneys work to keep the electrolyte concentrations in blood constant despite changes in the body. [6] [8] For example, during heavy exercise, electrolytes are lost in sweat, particularly in the form of sodium and potassium. [8]