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In software engineering and development, a software metric is a standard of measure of a degree to which a software system or process possesses some property. [1] [2] Even if a metric is not a measurement (metrics are functions, while measurements are the numbers obtained by the application of metrics), often the two terms are used as synonyms.
Many aspects of structural quality can be evaluated only statically through the analysis of the software's inner structure, its source code (see Software metrics), [3] at the unit level, and at the system level (sometimes referred to as end-to-end testing [4]), which is in effect how its architecture adheres to sound principles of software ...
GQM defines a measurement model on three levels: [7]. 1. Conceptual level (Goal) A goal is defined for an object, for a variety of reasons, with respect to various models of quality, from various points of view and relative to a particular environment.
Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) is a technical approach for analyzing and designing an application, system, or business by applying object-oriented programming, as well as using visual modeling throughout the software development process to guide stakeholder communication and product quality.
FURPS is an acronym representing a model for classifying software quality attributes (functional and non-functional requirements): Functionality - capability (size and generality of feature set), reusability (compatibility, interoperability, portability), security (safety and exploitability)
Some of the more commonly used metrics are McCabe's cyclomatic complexity metric; Halstead's software science metrics; Henry and Kafura introduced "Software Structure Metrics Based on Information Flow" in 1981, [3] which measures complexity as a function of "fan-in" and "fan-out". They define fan-in of a procedure as the number of local flows ...
Halstead's goal was to identify measurable properties of software, and the relations between them. This is similar to the identification of measurable properties of matter (like the volume, mass, and pressure of a gas) and the relationships between them (analogous to the gas equation). Thus his metrics are actually not just complexity metrics.
Deriving software metrics and static analysis are increasingly deployed together, especially in creation of embedded systems, by defining so-called software quality objectives. [ 4 ] A growing commercial use of static analysis is in the verification of properties of software used in safety-critical computer systems and locating potentially ...