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Spinal cord compression is commonly found in patients with metastatic malignancy. [10] Back pain is a primary symptom of spinal cord compression in patients with known malignancy. [11] Back pain may prompt a bone scan to confirm or exclude spinal metastasis. Rapid identification and intervention of metastatic spinal cord compression is ...
Bone metastasis, or osseous metastatic disease, is a category of cancer metastases that result from primary tumor invasions into bones. Bone-originating primary tumors such as osteosarcoma , chondrosarcoma , and Ewing sarcoma are rare; the most common bone tumor is a metastasis. [ 1 ]
Metastasis occurs in about 39% of patients, most commonly to the lung. Features associated with poor prognosis include a large primary tumor (over 5 cm across), high grade disease, co-existent neurofibromatosis, and the presence of metastases. [5] It is a rare tumor type, with a relatively poor prognosis in children. [6]
Prognosis for patients under 5 years old is lower, between 15 and 40%. [3] Disseminated disease at diagnosis is also associated with worse outcomes. When pineoblastomas occur with retinoblastomas, the prognosis is typically worse, and these patients require more aggressive treatment.
For other types of cancer of unknown primary, a PET-CT offers uncertain benefit. [7] The pattern of spread may suggest the location of the primary site. For example, metastatic cancer found in the upper body is more likely to have an origin above the diaphragm, at sites such as the lung and breast. If the metastatic cancer appears first in the ...
[16] [17] The disorder is difficult to identify and is often not diagnosed for years due to nonspecific symptoms or a general paucity of symptoms. [18] TGCT cases are often misdiagnosed as osteoarthritis , [ 19 ] localized trauma, [ 20 ] sports injuries, [ 21 ] [ 22 ] xanthomas , [ 23 ] or other conditions. [ 24 ]
A Chordoma is another type of cancer that slowly grows into nearby bones and many soft tissues in the spine, ranging from the base of the skull to the tailbone. Chordomas have around a 40% metastasis rate and mainly spread to the lungs. [12] (rare cases) soft-tissue sarcoma causes:
Leptomeningeal cancer is a rare complication of cancer in which the disease spreads from the original tumor site to the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. [1] This leads to an inflammatory response, hence the alternative names neoplastic meningitis (NM), malignant meningitis , or carcinomatous meningitis .