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Outside their hosts lice cannot survive more than 24 hrs. [23] The time required for head lice to complete their nymph development to the imago lasts for 12–15 days. [1] Nymph mortality in captivity is about 38%, especially within the first two days of life. [1] In the wild, mortality may instead be highest in the third instar. [1]
The life cycle of the body louse consists of three stages: egg, nymph, and adult. Eggs (also called nits, see head louse nits ) are attached to the clothes or hairs by the female louse, using a secretion of the accessory glands that holds the egg in place until it hatches, while the nits (empty egg shells) may remain for months on the clothing.
Lice may transmit microbial diseases and helminth parasites, [22] but most individuals spend their whole life cycle on a single host and are only able to transfer to a new host opportunistically. [7] Ischnoceran lice may reduce the thermoregulation effect of the plumage; thus heavily infested birds lose more heat than others. [23]
The female lays about three eggs a day. The eggs take 6–8 days to hatch, and there are three nymphal stages which together take 10–17 days before the adult develops, making a total life cycle from egg to adult of 16–25 days. Adults live for up to 30 days. [6] Crab lice feed exclusively on blood, and take a blood meal 4–5 times daily.
Argulus foliaceus. Argulus foliaceus, also known as the common fish louse, is a species of fish lice in the family Argulidae. [1] It is "the most common and widespread native argulid in the Palaearctic" [2] and "one of the most widespread crustacean ectoparasites of freshwater fish in the world", considering its distribution and range of hosts. [3]
Depending on species and temperature, the life cycle of one of these lice can take about 2 to 4 weeks. Each species tends to favor a different part of the host animal's body; for example, Antarctophthirus ogmirhini lives on the back flippers and tail and Lepidophthirus macrorhini favors the flippers, including the digits and the webbing between ...
Sea lice have both free-swimming (planktonic) and parasitic life stages, all separated by moults. [17] [18] [20] [21] The development rate for L. salmonis from egg to adult varies from 17 to 72 days depending on temperature. The lifecycle of L. salmonis is shown in the figure; the sketches of the stages are from Schram. [20]
Trichodectes canis is a louse of the suborder Mallophaga, or chewing lice. T. canis is a small, flat-bodied louse. Males are typically smaller than females, with body lengths ranging from 1.60 to 1.68 mm in males and 1.75 to 1.82 mm in females.