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It is the time required to charge the capacitor, through the resistor, from an initial charge voltage of zero to approximately 63.2% of the value of an applied DC voltage, or to discharge the capacitor through the same resistor to approximately 36.8% of its initial charge voltage.
A resistor–capacitor circuit (RC circuit), or RC filter or RC network, is an electric circuit composed of resistors and capacitors. It may be driven by a voltage or current source and these will produce different responses. A first order RC circuit is composed of one resistor and one capacitor and is the simplest type of RC circuit.
Relaxation oscillators are generally used to produce low frequency signals for such applications as blinking lights and electronic beepers. During the vacuum tube era they were used as oscillators in electronic organs and horizontal deflection circuits and time bases for CRT oscilloscopes; one of the most common was the Miller integrator circuit invented by Alan Blumlein, which used vacuum ...
The constant = is called the relaxation time or RC time constant of the circuit. A nonlinear oscillator circuit which generates a repeating waveform by the repetitive discharge of a capacitor through a resistance is called a relaxation oscillator.
[6] [7] [10] [18] During the charging period, the bulb has high resistance and can be considered an open circuit, so the rest of the oscillator constitutes an RC circuit with the capacitor voltage approaching V S exponentially, with time constant RC. If v(t) is the output voltage across the capacitor
The equivalent-circuit model is used to simulate the voltage at the cell terminals when an electric current is applied to discharge or recharge it. The most common circuital representation consists of three elements in series: a variable voltage source, representing the open-circuit voltage (OCV) of the cell, a resistor representing ohmic internal resistance of the cell and a set of resistor ...
This discharge transistor provides a discharge path, so the capacitor starts discharging through . Once the capacitor's voltage drops below 1 ⁄ 3 V CC , the cycle repeats from step 1. During the first pulse, the capacitor charges from 0 V to 2 ⁄ 3 V CC , however, in later pulses, it only charges from 1 ⁄ 3 V CC to 2 ⁄ 3 V CC .
The charging resistors, Rc, need to be properly sized for both charging and discharging. They are sometimes replaced with inductors for improved efficiency and faster charging. In many generators the resistors are made from plastic or glass tubing filled with dilute copper sulfate solution.
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