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The death penalty is contrary to the meaning of humanitas and to divine mercy, which must be models for human justice. It entails cruel, inhumane and degrading treatment, as is the anguish before the moment of execution and the terrible suspense between the issuing of the sentence and the execution of the penalty, a form of “torture” which ...
However, almost throughout history, countries where Buddhism has been the official religion (which have included most of the Far East and Indochina) have practiced the death penalty. One exception is the abolition of the death penalty by the Emperor Saga of Japan in 818. This lasted until 1165, although in private manors executions conducted as ...
In May 1963, the government forbade the flying of Buddhist flags on Vesak. After Buddhist protesters clashed with government troops, nine people were killed. [198] In protest, the Buddhist monk Thích Quảng Đức burned himself to death in Saigon. [199] On 21 August, the Xá Lợi Pagoda raids led to a death toll estimated in the hundreds.
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Where Shamarpa's proposal becomes distinctly Buddhist is his definition of the function of law. Protections are provided to the (1) Earth, natural environment, (2) human beings, and (3) animals. The Earth itself serves as the model for an ideal government, and it is the international community's responsibility to protect the natural environment ...
Death penalty opponents regard the death penalty as inhumane [207] and criticize it for its irreversibility. [208] They argue also that capital punishment lacks deterrent effect, [209] [210] [211] or has a brutalization effect, [212] [213] discriminates against minorities and the poor, and that it encourages a "culture of violence". [214]
When Buddhism spread to different places and people, the role of the precepts began to vary. In countries in which Buddhism was adopted as the main religion without much competition from other religious disciplines, such as Thailand, the relation between the initiation of a layperson and the five precepts has been virtually non-existent.
The belief that there is an afterlife and not everything ends with death, that Buddha taught and followed a successful path to nirvana; [215] according to Peter Harvey, the right view is held in Buddhism as a belief in the Buddhist principles of karma and rebirth, and the importance of the Four Noble Truths and the True Realities.