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For liquid, the dynamic viscosity is usually in the range of 0.001 to 1 Pascal-second, or 1 to 1000 centiPoise. The density is usually on the order of 1000 kg/m^3, i.e. that of water. Consequently, if a liquid has dynamic viscosity of n centiPoise, and its density is not too different from that of water, then its kinematic viscosity is around n ...
The centipoise is convenient because the viscosity of water at 20 °C is about 1 cP, and one centipoise is equal to the SI millipascal second (mPa·s). The SI unit of kinematic viscosity is square meter per second (m 2 /s), whereas the CGS unit for kinematic viscosity is the stokes (St, or cm 2 ·s −1 = 0.0001 m 2 ·s −1 ), named after Sir ...
A centipoise is one hundredth of a poise, or one millipascal-second (mPa⋅s) in SI units (1 cP = 10 −3 Pa⋅s = 1 mPa⋅s). [4] The CGS symbol for the centipoise is cP. The abbreviations cps, cp, and cPs are sometimes seen. Liquid water has a viscosity of 0.00890 P at 25 °C at a pressure of 1 atmosphere (0.00890 P = 0.890 cP = 0.890 mPa⋅s).
μ (some authors use the symbol η) is the dynamic viscosity (Pascal-seconds, kg m −1 s −1); R is the radius of the spherical object (meters); is the flow velocity relative to the object (meters per second). Note the minus sign in the equation, the drag force points in the opposite direction to the relative velocity: drag opposes the motion.
This coefficient of proportionality is called volume viscosity. Common symbols for volume viscosity are and . Volume viscosity appears in the classic Navier-Stokes equation if it is written for compressible fluid, as described in most books on general hydrodynamics [6] [1] and acoustics. [9] [10]
Up to 99.63 °C (the boiling point of water at 0.1 MPa), at this pressure water exists as a liquid. Above that, it exists as water vapor. Note that the boiling point of 100.0 °C is at a pressure of 0.101325 MPa (1 atm ), which is the average atmospheric pressure.
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where μ = effective viscosity in centipoise ρ = density in g/cm 3 t = quart funnel time in seconds For example, a mud of funnel time 40 seconds and density 1.1 g/cm 3 has an effective viscosity of about 16.5 cP. For the range of times of typical muds above, the shear rate in the Marsh funnel is about 2000 s −1. [4]