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Heart disease is the most common underlying cause of arterial thromboembolism. It leads to the formation of blood clots in the heart, which leave it with the bloodstream and obstruct larger blood vessels , in cats mainly the aorta at the outlet of the two external iliac arteries .
Cardiotoxicity is the occurrence of heart dysfunction as electric or muscle damage, resulting in heart toxicity. [1] This can cause heart failure, arrhythmia, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy in patients. [2] Some effects are reversible, while in others, permanent damage requiring further treatment may arise.
Cats with severe HCM often develop left heart failure (pulmonary edema; pleural effusion) because of severe diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. They may also develop a left atrial thrombus that embolizes, most commonly, to the terminal aorta creating acute pain and rear limb paralysis (see below).
Complications can include heart failure, heart valve disease, or an irregular heartbeat. [3] [4] Causes include genetics, alcohol, cocaine, certain toxins, complications of pregnancy, and certain infections. [8] [9] Coronary artery disease and high blood pressure may play a role, but are not the primary cause.
Cocaine increases alertness, feelings of well-being, euphoria, energy, sociability, and sexuality. The former are some of the desired effects of cocaine intoxication. Not having the normal use of mental faculties by reason of the introduction of cocaine is defined drug intoxication by the laws in America, Europe, and most of the rest of the World, and it is a serious crime in specific contexts ...
Higher increases may be due to hepatic disease, although many other conditions can cause an increase in liver enzymes. [2] Fructosamine concentrations are lowered by serum protein metabolism, which is increased in hyperthyroid cats. Fructosamine concentrations are significantly lower in hyperthyroid cats, with half of hyperthyroid cats having ...
Speedballs often give stronger effects than either drug when taken alone due to drug synergy, and are a particularly hazardous mixture that can easily cause heart attack, respiratory arrest and death. [3] When compared to single drugs, speedballs are more likely to lead to addiction, [4] [5] and users are more likely to relapse [4] [6] and also ...
The term feline urologic syndrome is an older term which is still sometimes used for this condition. It is a common disease in adult cats, though it can strike in young cats too. It may present as any of a variety of urinary tract problems, and can lead to a complete blockage of the urinary system, which if left untreated is fatal.