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  2. Little Professor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Professor

    As the first electronic educational toy, [6] [7] the Little Professor is a common item on calculator collectors' lists. [8] In 1976, the Little Professor cost less than $20. More than 1 million units sold in 1977. [9]

  3. Proportionality (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportionality_(mathematics)

    The variable y is directly proportional to the variable x with proportionality constant ~0.6. The variable y is inversely proportional to the variable x with proportionality constant 1. In mathematics, two sequences of numbers, often experimental data, are proportional or directly proportional if their corresponding elements have a constant ratio.

  4. Slide rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slide_rule

    Proportion wheels are simple circular slide rules used in graphic design to calculate aspect ratios. Lining up the original and desired size values on the inner and outer wheels will display their ratio as a percentage in a small window. Though not as common since the advent of computerized layout, they are still made and used. [citation needed]

  5. Fair cake-cutting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_cake-cutting

    In a proportional cake-cutting, each person receives a piece that he values as at least 1/n of the value of the entire cake. In the example cake, a proportional division can be achieved by giving all the vanilla and 4/9 of the chocolate to George (for a value of 6.66), and the other 5/9 of the chocolate to Alice (for a value of 5).

  6. Cohen's h - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohen's_h

    Researchers have used Cohen's h as follows.. Describe the differences in proportions using the rule of thumb criteria set out by Cohen. [1] Namely, h = 0.2 is a "small" difference, h = 0.5 is a "medium" difference, and h = 0.8 is a "large" difference.

  7. Proportional reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional_reasoning

    In Piaget's model of intellectual development, the fourth and final stage is the formal operational stage.In the classic book "The Growth of Logical Thinking from Childhood to Adolescence" by Jean Piaget and Bärbel Inhelder formal operational reasoning takes many forms, including propositional reasoning, deductive logic, separation and control of variables, combinatorial reasoning, and ...

  8. Probability-proportional-to-size sampling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability-proportional...

    This is proportional to some known quantity so that = =. [ 1 ] : 97 [ 2 ] One of the cases this occurs in, as developed by Hanson and Hurwitz in 1943, [ 3 ] is when we have several clusters of units, each with a different (known upfront) number of units, then each cluster can be selected with a probability that is proportional to the number of ...

  9. Proportion (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportion_(mathematics)

    A proportion is a mathematical statement expressing equality of two ratios. [1] [2]: =: a and d are called extremes, b and c are called means. Proportion can be written as =, where ratios are expressed as fractions.