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IEEE 802.11n is an amendment to IEEE 802.11-2007 as amended by IEEE 802.11k-2008, IEEE 802.11r-2008, IEEE 802.11y-2008, and IEEE 802.11w-2009, and builds on previous 802.11 standards by adding a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system and 40 MHz channels to the PHY (physical layer) and frame aggregation to the MAC layer.
The article uses IEEE 802.11 as a basis for explanations as it is probably the most wide spread and commonly known shared channel communication solution, but the protocol features for frame aggregation are common to many other communication protocols that utilize a shared communication channel, e.g. MAC service data unit (MSDU, e.g. an Ethernet ...
Block acknowledgement (BA) was initially defined in IEEE 802.11e as an optional scheme to improve the MAC efficiency. 802.11n amendment ratified in 2009 enhances this BA mechanism then made it as mandatory to support by all 802.11n-capable devices (formally known as HT - High Throughput devices).
As its name suggests, 802.11bn aims to improve the reliability of Wi-Fi. [5] 802.11bn will require more advanced antennas for channels above 6 GHz which are used in 802.11be and lower. 42.5 GHz and 71 GHz require line of sight and cannot penetrate walls. Outdoors, 802.11bn will be attenuated by rain, as is experienced by satellite communications.
Every single review of 802.11n equipment (whatever the draft) states that 802.11n falls far short of its nominal specifications. In fact, most reviews have found that 802.11n lags even behind the standard it was supposed to replace, 802.11g, in range as well as speed.
Wi-Fi (/ ˈ w aɪ f aɪ /) [1] [a] is a family of wireless network protocols based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, which are commonly used for local area networking of devices and Internet access, allowing nearby digital devices to exchange data by radio waves.
But in long-range Wi-Fi, special technologies are used to get the most out of a Wi-Fi connection. The 802.11-2007 standard adds 10 MHz and 5 MHz OFDM modes to the 802.11a standard, and extend the time of cyclic prefix protection from 0.8 μs to 3.2 μs, quadrupling the multipath distortion protection. Some commonly available 802.11a/g chipsets ...
Chipmaker Atheros sells a proprietary channel bonding feature called Super G [1] for manufacturers of access points and client cards. This feature can boost network speeds up to 108 Mbit/s by using channel bonding. Also range is increased to 4x the range of 802.11g and 20x the range of 802.11b.