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  2. French peasants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_peasants

    Philip Calderon "French Peasants Finding Their Stolen Child"; 1859. French peasants were the largest socio-economic group in France until the mid-20th century. The word peasant, while having no universally accepted meaning, is used here to describe subsistence farming throughout the Middle Ages, often smallholders or those paying rent to landlords, and rural workers in general.

  3. Economic history of France - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history_of_France

    Change in per capita GDP of France, 1820–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 international dollars. The economic history of France involves major events and trends, including the elaboration and extension of the seigneurial economic system (including the enserfment of peasants) in the medieval Kingdom of France, the development of the French colonial empire in the early modern ...

  4. Timeline of French history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_French_history

    14 18th century. 15 19th century. 16 20th century. 17 21st century. 18 See also. 19 References. 20 Bibliography. ... This is a timeline of French history, ...

  5. History of France - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_France

    The "Philosophes" were 18th-century French intellectuals who dominated the French Enlightenment and were influential across Europe. [43] The philosopher Denis Diderot was editor-in-chief of the famous Enlightenment accomplishment, the 72,000-article Encyclopédie (1751–72). [44] It sparked a revolution in learning throughout the enlightened ...

  6. Ancien régime - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancien_régime

    The theme recurs throughout 19th-century French literature, with Honoré de Balzac and Gustave Flaubert alike attacking the mores of the new upper classes. To that mindset, the ancien régime had expressed a bygone era of refinement and grace before the revolution and its associated changes ushered in a crude uncertain modernity.

  7. List of time periods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_time_periods

    Age of Enlightenment (or Reason) (Europe, 18th century) Scientific Revolution (Europe, 18th century) Long nineteenth century (1789–1914) Georgian era (the United Kingdom, 1714–1830) Industrial Revolution (Europe, United States, and elsewhere 18th and 19th centuries, though with its beginnings in Britain) Age of European colonialism and ...

  8. Timeline of the 18th century - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_18th_century

    1795: The Marseillaise is officially adopted as the French national anthem. 1795: Kamehameha I of the Island of Hawaii defeats the Oahuans at the Battle of Nu'uanu. 1796: Edward Jenner administers the first smallpox vaccination; smallpox killed an estimated 400,000 Europeans each year during the 18th century, including five reigning monarchs. [23]

  9. Flour War - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flour_War

    In Ancien Régime France, bread was the main source of food for poor peasants And the king was required to ensure the food supply of his subjects, being affectionately nicknamed "the first baker of the kingdom". [2] Food scarcity and famine were everpresent concerns until the modern agricultural revolution, and 18th century France was no ...