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Peer groups provide an influential social setting in which group norms are developed and enforced through socialization processes that promote in-group similarity. [41] Peer groups' cohesion is determined and maintained by such factors as group communication, group consensus, and group conformity concerning attitude and behavior. As members of ...
Peer pressure is a direct or indirect influence on peers, i.e., members of social groups with similar interests and experiences, or social statuses. Members of a peer group are more likely to influence a person's beliefs, values, religion and behavior.
Other types of groups formed to support causes, including causes outside of themselves, are more often called advocacy groups, interest groups, lobby groups, pressure groups or promotional groups. Trade unions and many environmental groups, for example, are interest groups. The term support group in this article refers to peer-to-peer support.
Group socialization is the theory that an individual's peer groups, rather than parental figures, become the primary influence on personality and behavior in adulthood. [34] Parental behavior and the home environment has either no effect on the social development of children, or the effect varies significantly between children. [ 35 ]
Theoretically, peer groups have been hypothesized to serve as an intermediary support source as adolescents exert independence from their family. [32] This is supported by data that indicates that the importance of peer group membership to youth increases in early adolescence, followed by a decline in later adolescence. [32] [33]
A person who possesses more authority (or is perceived as being more powerful) than others in a group is an icon or is most "popular" within a group. This person has the most influence over others. For example, in a child's school life, people who seem to control the perceptions of the students at school are most powerful in having a social ...
Peer support programs have also been implemented to address stress and psychological trauma among law-enforcement personnel [52] [53] and firefighters as well as emergency medical responders. [54] Peer support is an important component of the critical incident stress management program used to alleviate stress and trauma among disaster first ...
These approaches define social competence based on how popular one is with his peers. [7] The more well-liked one is, the more socially competent they are. [8]Peer group entry, conflict resolution, and maintaining play, are three comprehensive interpersonal goals that are relevant with regard to the assessment and intervention of peer competence.