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1994 LeNet was a larger version of 1989 LeNet designed to fit the larger MNIST database. It had more feature maps in its convolutional layers, and had an additional layer of hidden units, fully connected to both the last convolutional layer and to the output units. It has 2 convolutions, 2 average poolings, and 2 fully connected layers.
AlexNet architecture and a possible modification. On the top is half of the original AlexNet (which is split into two halves, one per GPU). On the bottom is the same architecture but with the last "projection" layer replaced by another one that projects to fewer outputs.
These neurons learn to activate for different features in the input. For example, if the first convolutional layer takes the raw image as input, then different neurons along the depth dimension may activate in the presence of various oriented edges, or blobs of color. Stride controls how depth columns around the width and height are allocated ...
In artificial neural networks, a convolutional layer is a type of network layer that applies a convolution operation to the input. Convolutional layers are some of the primary building blocks of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a class of neural network most commonly applied to images, video, audio, and other data that have the property of uniform translational symmetry.
The network is based on a fully convolutional neural network [2] whose architecture was modified and extended to work with fewer training images and to yield more precise segmentation. Segmentation of a 512 × 512 image takes less than a second on a modern (2015) GPU using the U-Net architecture. [1] [3] [4] [5]
The vision transformer, in turn, stimulated new developments in convolutional neural networks. [44] Image and video generators like DALL-E (2021), Stable Diffusion 3 (2024), [45] and Sora (2024), use Transformers to analyse input data (like text prompts) by breaking it down into "tokens" and then calculating the relevance between each token ...
Video has a temporal dimension that makes a TDNN an ideal solution to analysing motion patterns. An example of this analysis is a combination of vehicle detection and recognizing pedestrians. [ 15 ] When examining videos, subsequent images are fed into the TDNN as input where each image is the next frame in the video.
The first convolutional layers perform feature extraction. For the 28x28 pixel MNIST image test an initial 256 9x9 pixel convolutional kernels (using stride 1 and rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation, defining 20x20 receptive fields ) convert the pixel input into 1D feature activations and induce nonlinearity.