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The main Vietnamese term used for Chinese characters is chữ Hán (𡨸漢).It is made of chữ meaning 'character' and Hán 'Han (referring to the Han dynasty)'.Other synonyms of chữ Hán includes chữ Nho (𡨸儒, literally 'Confucian characters') and Hán tự [a] (漢字) which was borrowed directly from Chinese.
Recitation of Nam quốc sơn hà - 1076 version. Nam quốc sơn hà (chữ Hán: 南 國 山 河, lit. ' Mountains and Rivers of the Southern Country ') is a famous 10th- to 11th-century Vietnamese patriotic poem. Dubbed "Vietnam's first Declaration of Independence", [1] it asserts the sovereignty of Vietnam's rulers over its lands.
Quốc âm tân tự is a type of phonetic syllabary script made from the strokes of chữ Hán and chữ Nôm, similar to Hiragana and Katakana of Japanese or Bopomofo in Chinese. Based on the pronunciation of Vietnamese, there are 22 cán tự (幹字) and 110 chi tự (枝字) ("cán" means trunk, "chi" means branches, "tự" means character).
The name Han (汉; 漢; Hàn) derives from the Han dynasty (206 BC–AD 220), which presided over China's first "golden age".. The Han dynasty collapsed in 220 and was followed by a long period of disorder, including Three Kingdoms, Sixteen Kingdoms, and Southern and Northern dynasties periods. During these periods, various non-Han ethnic ...
In modern times, calligraphy has been done frequently in the Latin-based Vietnamese alphabet, as chữ Nôm and chữ Hán have largely fallen out of use. [5] Chữ quốc ngữ calligraphy gained popularity during the New Poetry and Free Poetry Movements , due to the increasing popularity of using the Vietnamese vernacular, as well as ...
For 200 years, chữ Quốc ngữ was used within the Catholic community. [22] [23] However, works written in the Vietnamese alphabet was in the minority and Catholic works in chữ Nôm were significantly more widespread. Chữ Nôm was the primary writing system used by Vietnamese Catholics. [23]
However, this changed upon the advent of foreign European rule with the introduction of the romanized script (known as chữ Quốc Ngữ) [15] As a result, although the Latin alphabet provided widespread literacy and access to the Vietnamese language in terms of oral and written literacy, the precise meaning and beauty of Vietnamese poems in ...
Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary (Vietnamese: từ Hán Việt, Chữ Hán: 詞漢越, literally 'Chinese-Vietnamese words') is a layer of about 3,000 monosyllabic morphemes of the Vietnamese language borrowed from Literary Chinese with consistent pronunciations based on Middle Chinese. Compounds using these morphemes are used extensively in cultural ...