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Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses.Symptoms range from mild to severe and often include fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pain, headache, coughing, and fatigue.
There is a high-dose flu vaccine specifically formulated to provide a stronger immune response. [130] Available evidence indicates that vaccinating the elderly with the high-dose vaccine leads to a stronger immune response against influenza than the regular-dose vaccine.
Polyvalent influenza vaccine is a type of influenza vaccine that provides immunity against more than one type of antigen. [1] In the second week after receiving the flu shot, the body's immune system is triggered by the antigens so the body starts producing antibodies.
A 2021 study found the common flu vaccine provided immunity to the flu in 58% of recipients. [6] The measles vaccine fails to provide immunity to 2% of children that receive the vaccine. However, if herd immunity exists, it typically prevents individuals who are ineffectively vaccinated from contracting the disease. [ 7 ]
The next time, the immune response against this microbe can be very efficient; this is the case in many of the childhood infections that a person only contracts once, but then is immune. Artificial active immunization is where the microbe, or parts of it, are injected into the person before they are able to take it in naturally.
Adjuvants commonly are used to boost immune response, particularly for older people whose immune response to a simple vaccine may have weakened. [36] The efficacy or performance of the vaccine is dependent on several factors: the disease itself (for some diseases vaccination performs better than for others)
In November 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved an experimental H5N1 bird flu vaccine to be held in stockpiles. [20] [21] In a clinical trial including 3,400 adults, 91% of people age 18–64 and 74% of people age 65 or older formed an immune response sufficient to provide protection. Reported adverse effects were ...
The 1889–1890 pandemic, often referred to as the Asiatic flu [53] or Russian flu, killed about 1 million people [54] [55] out of a world population of about 1.5 billion. It was long believed to be caused by an influenza A subtype (most often H2N2), but recent analysis largely brought on by the 2002-2004 SARS outbreak and the COVID-19 pandemic ...