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Dengue fever (UK: / ˈ d ɛ ŋ ɡ eɪ / or US: / ˈ d ɛ ŋ ɡ iː /), also known as breakbone fever, is an infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus.Symptoms include fever, headache, myalgias and arthralgias, and a characteristic skin rash that is similar to measles.
Treatment of dengue fever is symptomatic, as there is no specific treatment for dengue fever. In mild cases, treatment focuses on treating pain. Severe cases of dengue require hospitalisation; treatment of acute dengue is supportive and includes giving fluid either by mouth or intravenously. [1] [2]
Dengue virus (DENV) is the cause of dengue fever.It is a mosquito-borne, single positive-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae; genus Flavivirus. [1] [2] Four serotypes of the virus have been found, and a reported fifth has yet to be confirmed, [3] [4] [5] all of which can cause the full spectrum of disease. [1]
Graph of when laboratory tests for dengue fever become positive. Day zero refers to the start of symptoms, 1st refers to in those with a primary infection, and 2nd refers to in those with a secondary infection. [17] The diagnosis of dengue fever may be confirmed by microbiological laboratory testing.
Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) Viral Untreated 26% Dengue haemorrhagic fever is also known as severe dengue. [33] [34] Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) Viral No cure [15–30]% No specific treatment; usually involves supportive care. [35] Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) Viral Untreated ≈21% Galidesivir has shown promise in treating ...
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy typically appears in infancy or early childhood, although some people do not develop the condition until adolescence or adulthood. People with this condition usually show typical symptoms of an infection, such as fever, cough, congestion, vomiting, and diarrhea, for a few days.
A viral hemorrhagic fever is a possible cause of the Plague of Athens during the Peloponnesian War. [13] A viral hemorrhagic fever is an alternate theory of the cause of the Black Death and the Plague of Justinian [14] The initial, and currently only, outbreak of Lujo virus in September–October 2008 left four of five patients dead. [15]
The test was once part of the World Health Organization (WHO) algorithm for diagnosis of dengue fever, [3] however it is no longer used in the latest WHO guidance. [4] Studies have shown that the tourniquet test has low predictive value for dengue fever and should be used in conjunction with other tests for a reliable diagnosis. [5] [6] [7] [8]