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  2. Instrumental and value rationality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_and_value...

    (1) instrumentally rational (zweckrational), that is, determined by expectations as to the behavior of objects in the environment and of other human beings; these expectations are used as "conditions" or "means" for the attainment of the actor's own rationally pursued and calculated ends; (2) value-rational (wertrational), that is, determined ...

  3. Instrumental and value-rational action - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_and_value...

    "Instrumental" and "value-rational action" are terms scholars use to identify two kinds of behavior that humans can engage in. Scholars call using means that "work" as tools, instrumental action, and pursuing ends that are "right" as legitimate ends, value-rational action.

  4. Rationality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationality

    This has led to disputes in psychology over whether researchers should (only) use standard rules of logic, probability theory and statistics, or rational choice theory as norms of good reasoning. Opponents of this view, such as Gerd Gigerenzer, favor a conception of bounded rationality, especially for tasks under high uncertainty. [96]

  5. Value theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_theory

    Value theory is the systematic study of values.Also called axiology, it examines the nature, sources, and types of values.As a branch of philosophy, it has interdisciplinary applications in fields such as economics, sociology, anthropology, and psychology.

  6. Instrumental and intrinsic value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_and_intrinsic...

    Things are deemed to have instrumental value (or extrinsic value [2]) if they help one achieve a particular end; intrinsic values, by contrast, are understood to be desirable in and of themselves. A tool or appliance, such as a hammer or washing machine, has instrumental value because it helps one pound in a nail or clean clothes, respectively.

  7. Value (philosophy and social sciences) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_system

    The study of ethical value is also included in value theory. In addition, values have been studied in various disciplines: anthropology, behavioral economics, business ethics, corporate governance, moral philosophy, political sciences, social psychology, sociology and theology.

  8. 3 dogs kill their owner and injure a bystander at a San Diego ...

    www.aol.com/3-dogs-kill-owner-injure-062035234.html

    Three dogs attacked their owner at a San Diego park Friday, killing the man and injuring another person, according to authorities and the Humane Society.

  9. Psychology of reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_of_reasoning

    It overlaps with psychology, philosophy, linguistics, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, logic, and probability theory. Psychological experiments on how humans and other animals reason have been carried out for over 100 years. An enduring question is whether or not people have the capacity to be rational.