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  2. Nanocrystalline material - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanocrystalline_material

    Nanocrystalline materials show exceptional mechanical properties relative to their coarse-grained varieties. Because the volume fraction of grain boundaries in nanocrystalline materials can be as large as 30%, [ 4 ] the mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials are significantly influenced by this amorphous grain boundary phase.

  3. Ceramic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic

    Later, ceramics were glazed and fired to create smooth, colored surfaces, decreasing porosity through the use of glassy, amorphous ceramic coatings on top of the crystalline ceramic substrates. [3] Ceramics now include domestic, industrial, and building products, as well as a wide range of materials developed for use in advanced ceramic ...

  4. Crystallography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallography

    Crystallography is the branch of science devoted to the study of molecular and crystalline structure and properties. [1] The word crystallography is derived from the Ancient Greek word κρύσταλλος (krústallos; "clear ice, rock-crystal"), and γράφειν (gráphein; "to write"). [2]

  5. List of piezoelectric materials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_piezoelectric...

    This page lists properties of several commonly used piezoelectric materials. Piezoelectric materials (PMs) can be broadly classified as either crystalline, ceramic, or polymeric. [1] The most commonly produced piezoelectric ceramics are lead zirconate titanate (PZT), barium titanate, and lead titanate.

  6. Crystal structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure

    The symmetry properties of crystal are described by the concept of space groups. [1] All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space may be described by 230 space groups. The crystal structure and symmetry play a critical role in determining many physical properties, such as cleavage , electronic band structure , and ...

  7. Mosaic gold - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic_gold

    It is obtained as a yellow scaly crystalline powder. The alchemists referred to it as aurum musivum, or aurum mosaicum. [2] The term mosaic gold has also been used to refer to ormolu [3] and to cut shapes of gold leaf, some darkened for contrast, arranged as a mosaic. [4] The term bronze powder may also refer to powdered bronze alloy.

  8. GOLD - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GOLD

    Gold, a chemical element; Genomes OnLine Database; Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk, a NASA Explorer Mission of Opportunity; GOLD (parser), an open-source parser-generator of BNF-based grammars; Graduates of the Last Decade, an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers program to garner more university level student members

  9. Crystal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal

    Moreover, various properties of a crystal, including electrical conductivity, electrical permittivity, and Young's modulus, may be different in different directions in a crystal. For example, graphite crystals consist of a stack of sheets, and although each individual sheet is mechanically very strong, the sheets are rather loosely bound to ...