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Malate is acted on by malate dehydrogenase to become oxaloacetate, producing a molecule of NADH. After that, oxaloacetate will be recycled to aspartate, as transaminases prefer these keto acids over the others. This recycling maintains the flow of nitrogen into the cell. Relationship of oxaloacetic acid, malic acid, and aspartic acid
Malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) (MDH) is an enzyme that reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate using the reduction of NAD + to NADH. This reaction is part of many metabolic pathways, including the citric acid cycle.
After malate reaches the mitochondrial matrix, it is converted by mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase into oxaloacetate, during which NAD + is reduced with two electrons to form NADH. Oxaloacetate is then transformed into aspartate (since oxaloacetate cannot be transported into the cytosol) by mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase.
The oxaloacetate is returned to mitochondrion as malate (and then converted back into oxaloacetate to transfer more acetyl-CoA out of the mitochondrion). [44] The cytosolic acetyl-CoA is used for fatty acid synthesis and the production of cholesterol. Cholesterol can, in turn, be used to synthesize the steroid hormones, bile salts, and vitamin ...
PEP + CO 2 → oxaloacetate. PEPC has a low K M for HCO − 3 — and, hence, high affinity, and is not confounded by O 2 thus it will work even at low concentrations of CO 2. The product is usually converted to malate (M), which diffuses to the bundle-sheath cells surrounding a nearby vein.
In enzymology, a malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (EC 1.1.1.38) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction below (S)-malate + NAD + pyruvate + CO 2 + NADH. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (S)-malate and NAD +, whereas its 3 products are pyruvate, CO 2, and NADH.
Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial also known as malate dehydrogenase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MDH2 gene. [5]Malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate, utilizing the NAD/NADH cofactor system in the citric acid cycle.
In enzymology, a malate dehydrogenase (NADP +) (EC 1.1.1.82) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction (S)-malate + NADP + ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } oxaloacetate + NADPH + H + Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (S)-malate and NADP + , whereas its 3 products are oxaloacetate , NADPH , and H + .