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The African Reference Alphabet is a largely defunct continent-wide guideline for the creation of ... Tone is indicated using the acute accent, grave accent, caron ...
The acute accent (/ ə ˈ k j uː t /), ́, is a diacritic used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin, Cyrillic, and Greek scripts. For the most commonly encountered uses of the accent in the Latin and Greek alphabets, precomposed characters are available.
The grapheme Ć (minuscule: ć), formed from C with the addition of an acute accent, is used in various languages. It usually denotes [t͡ɕ], the voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate, including in phonetic transcription. Its Unicode codepoints are U+0106 for Ć and U+0107 for ć.
Palatal/palatalized consonants are indicated with an acute accent: ś ṣ́ ź ć ć̣ ʒ́ ń ĺ ŕ ; retroflex often with a grave accent: l̀ ǹ etc.; and uvulars sometimes with an inverted breve: k̑ h̑ etc. kʷ kᵒ may be distinguished as a labialized consonant vs a consonant followed by a rounded vowel. [4]
The pipe with the acute accent was soon replaced with ǂ . The click letters created by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1855 (right column), along with the corresponding Lepsius letters (center). By the early 19th century, the otherwise unneeded letters c x q were used as the basis for writing clicks in Zulu by British and German missions. [ 8 ]
The acute accent indicates the long form of a vowel (in case of i / í , o / ó , u / ú ) while the double acute performs the same function for ö and ü . The acute accent can also indicate a different sound (more open, as in case of a / á , e / é ).
The Standard Alphabet is a Latin-script alphabet developed by Karl Richard Lepsius.Lepsius initially used it to transcribe Egyptian hieroglyphs in his Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien [1] and extended it to write African languages, published in 1853, [citation needed] 1854 [2] and 1855, [3] and in a revised edition in 1863. [4]
Every syllable must have at least one tone; a syllable containing a long vowel can have two tones. Tones are marked by use of the acute accent for high tone ( á , ń ) and the grave accent for low tone ( à , ǹ ); mid is unmarked, except on syllabic nasals where it is indicated using a macron ( a , n̄ ). Examples: