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American women were recruited to do ballistics calculations and program computers during WWII. Around 1943–1945, these women "computers" used a differential analyzer in the basement of the Moore School of Electrical Engineering to speed up their calculations, though the machine required a mechanic to be totally accurate and the women often ...
The black women were the West Area Computers. [51] Unlike their white counterparts, the black women were asked by NACA to re-do college courses they had already passed and many never received promotions. [52] Women were also working on ballistic missile calculations.
The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) was the first electronic general-purpose computer, announced to the public in 1946. It was Turing-complete, [45] digital, and capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems. Women implemented the programming for machines like the ENIAC, and men created the ...
In 1963, IBM introduced a semi-mechanical accounting machine at the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), followed by the auto code 1440 model, commissioned by the Ethiopian Electric Light and Power Authority. The IBM 360/20 electronic data-processing system was introduced between 1965 and 1970, with a capacity of 8-16 KB.
The Computer History in time and space, Graphing Project, an attempt to build a graphical image of computer history, in particular operating systems. The Computer Revolution/Timeline at Wikibooks "File:Timeline.pdf - Engineering and Technology History Wiki" (PDF). ethw.org. 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-31
At least 200 women were hired by the Moore School of Engineering to work as "computers" [4] and six of them were chosen to be the programmers of ENIAC. Betty Holberton, Kay McNulty , Marlyn Wescoff , Ruth Lichterman , Betty Jean Jennings , and Fran Bilas , programmed the ENIAC to perform calculations for ballistics trajectories electronically ...
A Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computer Systems, BRL Report No.971. Ballistic Research Laboratories. the online file does not include the Glossary, pages 247-272; Weik, Martin H. (1957). A Second Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computer Systems, BRL Report No. 1010. Ballistic Research Laboratories. Weik, Martin H. (1961).
The U.S. Office of Education initiated a series of courses in science and engineering that were open to women as well as men. Private programs for women included GE on-the-job engineering training for women with degrees in mathematics and physics, and the Curtiss-Wright Engineering Program had Curtiss-Wright Cadettes [4] [76] (e.g. Rosella ...