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  2. Pascal's wager - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal's_wager

    In a 2014 article, philosopher Justin McBrayer argued we ought to remain agnostic about the existence of God but nonetheless believe because of the good that comes in the present life from believing in God. "The gist of the renewed wager is that theists do better than non-theists regardless of whether or not God exists." [55]

  3. Philosophical fiction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_fiction

    Philosophical fiction is any fiction that devotes a significant portion of its content to the sort of questions addressed by philosophy.It might explore any facet of the human condition, including the function and role of society, the nature and motivation of human acts, the purpose of life, ethics or morals, the role of art in human lives, the role of experience or reason in the development ...

  4. Udayana - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udayana

    Udayana, (Devanagari: उदयन) also known as Udayanācārya (Udyanacharya, or Master Udayana), (circa 975 - 1050 CE [2]) was an Indian philosopher and logician of the tenth century of the Nyaya school who attempted to devise a rational theology to prove the existence of God using logic and counter the attack on the existence of God at the hands of Buddhist philosophers such as ...

  5. History of philosophical pessimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_philosophical...

    Indeed, God [note 2] gave himself death, as it were, in creating the world, and since then, annihilation constitutes the only "salvation" of being, its only possibility of "redemption". For Mainländer, life itself has no value, and "the Will, ignited by the knowledge that non-being is better than being, is the supreme principle of morality". [75]

  6. Teachings and philosophy of Swami Vivekananda - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teachings_and_philosophy...

    To Vivekananda, religion was not mere theory, but an actual practice to be applied in life, raising the brute into man, and man into God, [41] stating "it is being and becoming, not hearing or acknowledging; it is the whole soul becoming changed into what it believes." [37] He hated the religious rituals that were in practice during that time. [42]

  7. Euthyphro dilemma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthyphro_dilemma

    The second horn of the dilemma (i.e. that which is right is right because it is commanded by God) is sometimes known as divine command theory or voluntarism. Roughly, it is the view that there are no moral standards other than God's will: without God's commands, nothing would be right or wrong.

  8. Existential nihilism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_nihilism

    Existential nihilism is the philosophical theory that life has no objective meaning or purpose. [1] The inherent meaninglessness of life is largely explored in the philosophical school of existentialism, where one can potentially create their own subjective "meaning" or "purpose".

  9. Irenaean theodicy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irenaean_theodicy

    He conceived sin as being an obstruction to humanity's dependence on God, arguing that it is almost inevitable, but citing Jesus as an example of a sinless man, whose consciousness of God was unobstructed. [23] This theology led Schleiermacher to universalism, arguing that it is God's will for everyone to be saved and that no person could alter ...