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  2. Messinian salinity crisis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messinian_salinity_crisis

    In many places in the Mediterranean, fossilized cracks have been found where muddy sediment had dried and cracked in the sunlight and drought. In the Western Mediterranean series, the presence of pelagic oozes interbedded within the evaporites suggests that the area was repeatedly flooded and desiccated over 700,000 years. [19]

  3. Sapropel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapropel

    Sapropels have been recorded in the Mediterranean sediments since the closure of the Eastern Tethys Ocean 13.5 million years ago. The formation of sapropel events in the Mediterranean Sea occurs approximately every 21,000 years and last between 3,000 and 5,000 years. The first identification of these events occurred in the mid-20th century.

  4. Marine sediment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_sediment

    Marine sediment, or ocean sediment, or seafloor sediment, are deposits of insoluble particles that have accumulated on the seafloor.These particles either have their origins in soil and rocks and have been transported from the land to the sea, mainly by rivers but also by dust carried by wind and by the flow of glaciers into the sea, or they are biogenic deposits from marine organisms or from ...

  5. Port des Canonge Formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_des_Canonge_Formation

    The Port des Canonge Formation is an Early-Middle Permian-age geologic formation in the Mediterranean island of Mallorca.It consists of red to brown-colored sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and mudstone, and is located in what back then was the western peri-Tethys Ocean.

  6. Black Sea deluge hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_deluge_hypothesis

    The evidence used to support this scenario includes the disparate ages of sapropel deposition in the eastern Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea; buried back-stepping barrier islands observed on the Black Sea shelf; and an under-water delta in the Marmara Sea, near the Bosporus Strait, composed of Black Sea sediments. [16] [17] [18]

  7. Salt surface structures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_surface_structures

    The Mediterranean Sea, [3] particularly during the Messinian salinity crisis, is a prime example. Rifted boundaries/passive margins – Also known as divergent boundaries, these areas begin as rift basins, where extension is pulling apart the crust. If this rifting allows water to flood the resulting valley, salt deposition can occur.

  8. Oceanic trench - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_trench

    The range of sedimentation is well illustrated by the Chilean trench. The north Chile portion of the trench, which lies along the Atacama Desert with its very slow rate of weathering, is sediment-starved, with from 20 to a few hundred meters of sediments on the trench floor. The tectonic morphology of this trench segment is fully exposed on the ...

  9. Turbidity current - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbidity_current

    This ultimately shifts submarine canyons and sediment deposition locations. One example of this is located in the western part of the Gulf of Cadiz, where the ocean current leaving the Mediterranean Sea (also known as the Mediterranean outflow water) pushes turbidity currents westward. This has changed the shape of submarine valleys and canyons ...