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Lunar theory attempts to account for the motions of the Moon. There are many small variations (or perturbations ) in the Moon's motion, and many attempts have been made to account for them. After centuries of being problematic, lunar motion can now be modeled to a very high degree of accuracy (see section Modern developments ).
The Moon has free physical librations that require one or more stimulating mechanisms. [45] Tidal dissipation in the Moon depends on tidal frequency. [42] The Moon probably has a liquid core of about 20% of the Moon's radius. [11] The radius of the lunar core-mantle boundary is determined as 381 ± 12 km. [46]
The Moon's heavily cratered far-side. The origin of the Moon is usually explained by a Mars-sized body striking the Earth, creating a debris ring that eventually collected into a single natural satellite, the Moon, but there are a number of variations on this giant-impact hypothesis, as well as alternative explanations, and research continues into how the Moon came to be formed.
Soil studied by India’s Chandrayaan-3 mission near the lunar south pole adds support to the theory that the moon once had a magma ocean billions of years ago.
A transient lunar phenomenon (TLP) or lunar transient phenomenon (LTP) is a short-lived change in light, color or appearance on the surface of the Moon. The term was created by Patrick Moore in his co-authorship of NASA Technical Report R-277 Chronological Catalog of Reported Lunar Events , published in 1968.
Aryabhatta puts forward the theory of rotation of the Earth in its own axis and explained day and night was caused by the diurnal rotation of the Earth. He models a geocentric universe with the sun, moon, and planets following circular and eccentric orbits with epicycles. [48]
Together, they reconcile solar and lunar cycles in marking the 235 lunations that occur during 19 solar years, regulating a lunar calendar. On a platform separate from the central space, at lower elevation, four stone seats (thrones) were made in north–south alignment, together with a trench marker cut in the eastern wall.
Sunlight reflects off objects on the moon the same way it does here on Earth. So all of these images and videos include light reflecting from Earth, the lunar module, and from the dust on the surface.