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Hazel coppice in winter at Bubbenhall in Warwickshire, England. The nuts of all hazels are edible. The common hazel is the species most extensively grown for its nuts, followed in importance by the filbert. Nuts are also harvested from the other species, but apart from the filbert, none is of significant commercial importance. [5]
Corylus avellana, the common hazel, is a species of flowering plant in the birch family Betulaceae. The shrubs usually grow 3–8 metres (10–26 feet) tall. The nut is round, in contrast to the longer filbert nut. Common hazel is native to Europe and Western Asia. The species is mainly cultivated for its nuts.
It is a large species of hazel, reaching 25 m (82 ft) tall, [1] with a stout trunk up to 1.5 m (5 ft) in diameter; the crown is slender and conical in young trees, becoming broader with age. The bark is pale grey - buff , with a thick, corky texture.
Its main use in the United States is as large filler (along with peanuts as small filler) in most containers of mixed nuts. Filberts are sometimes grown in orchards for the nuts, but much less often than the common hazel. [3] [4] The purple-leaved cultivar C. maxima 'Purpurea' is a popular ornamental shrub in gardens. [5]
An endemic species is a plant only native to a certain area. Outside this area, unless spread naturally it is considered non-native, usually as a result of cultivation. Britain and Ireland have few endemic trees, most being micro-species of Whitebeam. But there are some interesting endemic trees nevertheless.
[14] [15] Hamamelis water, also called white hazel or witch hazel water prepared from a steam-distillation process using leaves, bark or twigs, is a clear, colorless liquid containing 13–15% ethanol having the odor of the essential oil, but with no tannins present. [14] [15] Essential oil components, such as carvacrol and eugenol, may be ...
The beaked hazel is the hardiest of all hazel species, surviving temperatures of −50 °C (−58 °F) at its northern limits. [ 5 ] It has a shallow and dense root system which is typically only 15 cm (6 in) deep, with a single taproot which may extend 0.6 m (2 ft) below the surface.
Corylus americana, the American hazelnut [3] or American hazel, [4] is a species of deciduous shrub in the genus Corylus, native to the eastern and central United States and extreme southern parts of eastern and central Canada.