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  2. Motivation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation

    The traditional discipline studying motivation is psychology. It investigates how motivation arises, which factors influence it, and what effects it has. [8] Motivation science is a more recent field of inquiry focused on an integrative approach that tries to link insights from different subdisciplines. [9]

  3. Maslow's hierarchy of needs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow's_hierarchy_of_needs

    Maslow's hierarchy of needs is an idea in psychology proposed by American psychologist Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in the journal Psychological Review. [1] The theory is a classification system intended to reflect the universal needs of society as its base, then proceeding to more acquired emotions. [17]

  4. John William Atkinson - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_William_Atkinson

    John William Atkinson, 1985. John William Atkinson (December 31, 1923 – October 27, 2003), also known as Jack Atkinson, was an American psychologist who pioneered the scientific study of human motivation, achievement and behavior.

  5. Self-determination theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-determination_theory

    Self-determination theory (SDT) is a macro theory of human motivation and personality that concerns people's innate growth tendencies and innate psychological needs. It pertains to the motivation behind people's choices in the absence of external influences and distractions.

  6. Expectancy theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expectancy_theory

    The expectancy theory of motivation explains the behavioral process of why individuals choose one behavioral option over the other. This theory explains that individuals can be motivated towards goals if they believe that there is a positive correlation between efforts and performance, the outcome of a favorable performance will result in a desirable reward, a reward from a performance will ...

  7. Psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology

    Later, developmental psychology extended itself to the study cognition over the life span. In addition to studying cognition, developmental psychologists have also come to focus on affective, behavioral, moral, social, and neural development. Developmental psychologists who study children use a number of research methods.

  8. Psychology of learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_of_learning

    Motivation, a psychological component related to learning, also has an explanation through neuroscience. [30] Overall, the brain has a disposition towards rewards and outcomes related to pleasure. In fact, it brings out certain chemicals and opiates that give a natural high increasing a person's motivation. [ 2 ]

  9. Motivated reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivated_reasoning

    Individuals are compelled to initiate motivated reasoning to lessen the amount of cognitive dissonance they feel. Cognitive dissonance is the feeling of psychological and physiological stress and unease between two conflicting cognitive and/or emotional elements (such as the desire to smoke, despite knowing it is unhealthy).