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Such comparatively simple universes can be described by simple solutions of Einstein's equations. The current cosmological models of the universe are obtained by combining these simple solutions to general relativity with theories describing the properties of the universe's matter content, namely thermodynamics, nuclear-and particle physics.
According to Newton's law of gravity, and independently verified by experiments such as that of Eötvös and its successors (see Eötvös experiment), there is a universality of free fall (also known as the weak equivalence principle, or the universal equality of inertial and passive-gravitational mass): the trajectory of a test body in free ...
Antimatter – Material composed of antiparticles of the corresponding particles of ordinary matter; Dark energy – Energy driving the accelerated expansion of the universe; Dark matter – Concept in cosmology; Gravitational interaction of antimatter – Theory of gravity on antimatter; Mirror matter – Hypothetical counterpart to ordinary ...
Before Newton’s law of gravity, there were many theories explaining gravity. Philoshophers made observations about things falling down − and developed theories why they do – as early as Aristotle who thought that rocks fall to the ground because seeking the ground was an essential part of their nature.
Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a theory that proposes a modification of Newton's second law to account for observed properties of galaxies.Its primary motivation is to explain galaxy rotation curves without invoking dark matter, and is one of the most well-known theories of this class.
Thomson's experiments with cathode rays (1897): J. J. Thomson's cathode ray tube experiments (discovers the electron and its negative charge). Eötvös experiment (1909): Loránd Eötvös publishes the result of the second series of experiments, clearly demonstrating that inertial and gravitational mass are one and the same.
A highlight experiment was the test of the equivalence principle by Roll, Krotkov and Dicke, which was a factor of 100 more accurate than previous work. [8] He also made measurements of solar oblateness which were useful in understanding the perihelion precession of Mercury's orbit , one of the classical tests of general relativity.
Repulsive gravity is then described by adding extra terms (m g Φ g and m g A g) to the wave equation. The idea is that the wave function of a positron moving in the gravitational field of a matter particle evolves such that in time it becomes more probable to find the positron further away from the matter particle. [citation needed]