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  2. Congenital vertebral anomaly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_vertebral_anomaly

    Lumbarization is an anomaly in the spine. It is defined by the nonfusion of the first and second segments of the sacrum. The lumbar spine subsequently appears to have six vertebrae or segments, not five. This sixth lumbar vertebra is known as a transitional vertebra. Conversely the sacrum appears to have only four segments instead of its ...

  3. Klippel–Feil syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klippel–Feil_syndrome

    The three categories treated for types of spinal cord deficiencies are massive fusion of the cervical spine (Type I), the fusion of 1 or 2 vertebrae (Type II), and the presence of thoracic and lumbar spine anomalies in association with type I or type II Klippel–Feil syndrome (Type III). [citation needed]

  4. Caudal regression syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caudal_regression_syndrome

    It is a congenital disorder in which the fetal development of the lower spine—the caudal partition of the spine—is abnormal. [1] It occurs at a rate of approximately one per 60,000 live births. [2] Some babies are born with very small differences compared to typical development, and others have significant changes.

  5. Bertolotti's syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertolotti's_syndrome

    Bertolotti's syndrome is characterized by sacralization of the lowest lumbar vertebral body and lumbarization of the uppermost sacral segment. It involves a total or partial unilateral or bilateral fusion of the transverse process of the lowest lumbar vertebra to the sacrum, leading to the formation of a transitional 5th lumbar vertebra.

  6. VACTERL association - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VACTERL_association

    Vertebral anomalies, or defects of the spinal column, usually consist of small (hypoplastic) vertebrae or hemivertebra where only one half of the bone is formed.About 80 percent of patients with VACTERL association will have vertebral anomalies. [6]

  7. Diastematomyelia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastematomyelia

    Diastematomyelia is a "dysraphic state" of unknown embryonic origin, but is probably initiated by an accessory neurenteric canal (an additional embryonic spinal canal.).) This condition may be an isolated phenomenon or may be associated with other segmental anomalies of the vertebral bodies such as spina bifida, kyphoscoliosis, butterfly vertebra, hemivertebra and block vertebrae which are ...

  8. Spina bifida - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spina_bifida

    Spina bifida (SB; /ˌspaɪnə ˈbɪfɪdə/, [9] Latin for 'split spine') [10] is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy. [1] There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, meningocele and myelomeningocele. [1]

  9. Iniencephaly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iniencephaly

    Because of this, those born with this anomaly either have a highly shortened neck or no neck at all. This causes extreme retroflexion, or backward bending, of the head in a "star-gazing" fashion. The spine is severely distorted as well along with significant shortening due to marked lordosis. The vertebrae, especially cervical, are fused ...