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The most common symptoms of chronic spontaneous urticaria are angioedema and hives that are accompanied by itchiness. Chronic spontaneous urticaria, despite its cause being unknown, is linked to a higher prevalence of autoimmune diseases , and is often worsened by triggers like stress, infections, certain foods, or nonsteroidal anti ...
Symptoms are thought to be the result of histamine being released by mast cells on the surface of the skin. Despite the lack of antigens , histamine causes the skin to swell in affected areas. If the membrane that surrounds the mast cells is too weak, it will easily and rapidly break down under physical pressure, which then causes an allergic ...
This is a shortened version of the twelfth chapter of the ICD-9: Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue. It covers ICD codes 680 to 709 . The full chapter can be found on pages 379 to 393 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9.
Hives can also be classified by the purported causative agent. Many different substances in the environment may cause hives, including medications, food and physical agents. In perhaps more than 50% of people with chronic hives of unknown cause, it is due to an autoimmune reaction. [7] Risk factors include having conditions such as hay fever or ...
Physical urticaria is a distinct subgroup of urticaria (hives) that are induced by an exogenous physical stimulus rather than occurring spontaneously. [1] There are seven subcategories that are recognized as independent diseases. [2] [3] Physical urticaria is known to be painful, itchy and physically unappealing; it can recur for months to ...
The exact mechanism of the condition is unknown. Some studies have suggested the itching occurs in response to increased fibrinolytic activity in the skin, [5] [6] inappropriate activation of the sympathetic nervous system, [7] increased activity of acetylcholinesterase, [8] [9] or an increase in mast cell degranulation that releases histamine and other chemicals into the body.
Several theories have been put forth, however the pathophysiology of pressure urticaria is unknown. [3] Although there isn't an obvious early cutaneous reaction, the time of the reaction following the application of pressure to the skin, the shape of the lesions, and the infiltrating cells observed on histopathologic examination are indicative of a late-phase reaction. [5]
Cholinergic urticaria typically presents with a number of small papular hives all over the body, that involve cutaneous inflammation (wheals) and severe nerve pain, which usually develops in response to exercise, bathing, staying in a heated environment, spicy foods, or emotional stress. [2] [3] The symptoms subside and manifest rapidly on and ...