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In 1993, New Mexico passed the Pharmacist Prescriptive Authority Act (PPAC), recognizing advanced practice pharmacist which is officially designated as "Pharmacist Clinician", or Ph.C. [43] Regulation of Pharmacist Clinician is found in New Mexico State Board of Pharmacy section 16.19.4.17 titled Pharmacist Clinician. [44]
While pharmacists can suggest the substitution of prescribed medications with generics, the final decision usually remains with the prescribing physician. There is ongoing discussion about expanding the role of pharmacists to include more autonomy in the prescription process, but such changes would require substantial legislative reform. [9] [10]
Representatives of twenty [a] state and territorial boards of pharmacy met at the Coates House Hotel in Kansas City, Missouri, on September 7, 1908. At the meeting, they formed the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy that would provide for interstate reciprocity in pharmaceutical licenses based on a uniform minimum standard of education and uniform legislation.
Clinical pharmacy is the branch of pharmacy in which clinical pharmacists provide direct patient care that optimizes the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention. [1] [2] Clinical pharmacists care for patients in all health care settings but the clinical pharmacy movement initially began inside hospitals and clinics.
Alternatively, a prescription may be handwritten on preprinted prescription forms that have been assembled into pads, or printed onto similar forms using a computer printer or even on plain paper, according to the circumstances. In some cases, a prescription may be transmitted orally by telephone from the physician to the pharmacist.
Pharmacists may practice compounding; however, many medicines are now produced by pharmaceutical companies in a standard dosage and drug delivery form. In some jurisdictions, pharmacists have prescriptive authority to either independently prescribe under their own authority or in collaboration with a primary care physician through an agreed ...
Electronic prescription in Australia is currently provided by two service providers, MediSecure and eRx. Both services can be integrated into many of the existing clinical and pharmacy prescribing software systems. Since December 1991, they have become interoperable allowing bilateral transfer of information. [17] [18] [19]
Drug utilization review refers to a review of prescribing, dispensing, administering and ingesting of medication. [1] This authorized, structured and ongoing review is related to pharmacy benefit managers. [2] Drug use/ utilization evaluation and medication utilization evaluations are the same as drug utilization review. [3]