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The Bosch reaction is a catalytic chemical reaction between carbon dioxide (CO 2) and hydrogen (H 2) that produces elemental carbon (C,graphite), water, and a 10% return of invested heat. CO 2 is usually reduced by H 2 to carbon in presence of a catalyst (e.g. iron (Fe)) and requires a temperature level of 530–730 °C (986–1,346 °F).
The water–gas shift reaction (WGSR) describes the reaction of carbon monoxide and water vapor to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen: CO + H 2 O ⇌ CO 2 + H 2. The water gas shift reaction was discovered by Italian physicist Felice Fontana in 1780. It was not until much later that the industrial value of this reaction was realized.
The Boudouard reaction, named after Octave Leopold Boudouard, is the redox reaction of a chemical equilibrium mixture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide at a given temperature. It is the disproportionation of carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and graphite or its reverse: [ 1 ]
In the breakdown of a compound into its constituent parts, the generalized reaction for chemical decomposition is: AB → A + B (AB represents the reactant that begins the reaction, and A and B represent the products of the reaction) An example is the electrolysis of water to the gases hydrogen and oxygen: 2 H 2 O(l) → 2 H 2 (g) + O 2 (g)
The chemical equations below show the reactions that CO 2 undergoes after it enters the ocean and transforms into its aqueous form. Sea surface dissolved inorganic carbon First, carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid. concentration in the 1990s (from the GLODAP climatology )
A single-displacement reaction, also known as single replacement reaction or exchange reaction, is an archaic concept in chemistry. It describes the stoichiometry of some chemical reactions in which one element or ligand is replaced by atom or group. [1] [2] [3] It can be represented generically as: + +
In industrial practice, the reaction is carried out by passing concentrated brine (salt water) through two towers. In the first, ammonia bubbles up through the brine and is absorbed by it. In the second, carbon dioxide bubbles up through the ammoniated brine, and sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) precipitates out of the solution.
The reaction is endothermic, so the fuel must be continually re-heated to maintain the reaction. To do this, an air stream, which alternates with the vapor stream, is introduced to combust some of the carbon: O 2 + C → CO 2 (ΔH = -393 kJ/mol) Theoretically, to make 6 L of water gas, 5 L of air is required.