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  2. Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_6_of_the_European...

    Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights is a provision of the European Convention which protects the right to a fair trial.In criminal law cases and cases to determine civil rights it protects the right to a public hearing before an independent and impartial tribunal within reasonable time, the presumption of innocence, right to silence and other minimum rights for those charged ...

  3. Judicial independence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_independence

    The creation of the Supreme Court was important, for it finally separated the highest court of appeal from the House of Lords. [21] Thus, the United Kingdom, where judicial independence began over three hundred years ago, illustrates the interaction over time of national and international law and jurisprudence in the area of judicial ...

  4. Right to a fair trial - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_a_fair_trial

    A fair trial is a trial which is "conducted fairly, justly, and with procedural regularity by an impartial judge". [1] Various rights associated with a fair trial are explicitly proclaimed in Article 10 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, and Article 6 of the European Convention of Human ...

  5. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Covenant_on...

    Article 14.1 establishes the ground rules: everyone must be equal before the courts, and any hearing must take place in open court before a competent, independent and impartial tribunal, with any judgment or ruling made public. [39]

  6. The first outside legal analyses of Vatican's 'trial of the ...

    www.aol.com/news/first-outside-legal-analyses...

    The legal opinions are likely to feature in the appeals within the Vatican court system of the nine ... by an independent and impartial tribunal,” even ... truly independent “given the ...

  7. Federal judiciary of the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the...

    A United States court was also established for the Northwest Territory. [citation needed] When the Constitution came into force in 1789, Congress gained the authority to establish the federal judicial system as a whole. Only the Supreme Court was established by the Constitution itself.

  8. Federal tribunals in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_tribunals_in_the...

    Article III courts (also called Article III tribunals) are the U.S. Supreme Court and the inferior courts of the United States established by Congress, which currently are the 13 United States courts of appeals, the 91 United States district courts (including the districts of D.C. and Puerto Rico, but excluding the territorial district courts of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the ...

  9. Judiciary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary

    The Supreme Court Building houses the Supreme Court of the United States, the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States.. The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law in legal cases.