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  2. Mohs scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohs_scale

    The Mohs scale is an ordinal scale. For example, corundum (9) is twice as hard as topaz (8), but diamond (10) is four times as hard as corundum. [ citation needed ] The table below shows the comparison with the absolute hardness measured by a sclerometer , with images of the reference minerals in the rightmost column.

  3. Hardnesses of the elements (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardnesses_of_the_elements...

    9.3-9.5 [3] 4900-5800 [4] 6: C: carbon (graphite) 0.5: 6: C: carbon (diamond) ... Mohs scale of mineral hardness; Mohs hardness of materials (data page) Vickers ...

  4. Corundum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corundum

    [8] [9] Because of corundum's hardness (pure corundum is defined to have 9.0 on the Mohs scale), it can scratch almost all other minerals. It is commonly used as an abrasive on sandpaper and on large tools used in machining metals, plastics, and wood.

  5. Ruby - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby

    Rubies have a hardness of 9.0 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. Among the natural gems, only moissanite and diamond are harder, with diamond having a Mohs hardness of 10.0 and moissanite falling somewhere in between corundum (ruby) and diamond in hardness.

  6. Scratch hardness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scratch_hardness

    Mohs's scale had two limitations: it was not linear, and most modern abrasives fall between 9 and 10.; [6] [7] so, later scientists attempted to increase resolution at the harder end of the scale. Raymond R. Ridgway, a research engineer at the Norton Company, modified the Mohs scale by giving garnet a hardness of 10 and diamond a hardness of 15.

  7. White fused alumina - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_fused_alumina

    Because of white fused alumina's hardness (9.0 on the Mohs scale), It is second only to diamond and silicon carbide.It is commonly used as a raw material in abrasive tools, blasting, lapping, polishing, and grinding. white fused alumina is also used in refractories and ceramic shapes laminates due to chemical stability, high melting point, etc.

  8. Sapphire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapphire

    Because of the remarkable hardness of sapphires – 9 on the Mohs scale (the third-hardest mineral, after diamond at 10 and moissanite at 9.5) – sapphires are also used in some non-ornamental applications, such as infrared optical components, high-durability windows, wristwatch crystals and movement bearings, and very thin electronic wafers ...

  9. List of sapphires by size - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sapphires_by_size

    Because of the remarkable hardness of sapphires – 9 on the Mohs scale (the third hardest mineral, after diamond at 10 and moissanite at 9.5) – sapphires are also used in some non-ornamental applications, such as infrared optical components, high-durability windows, wristwatch crystals and movement bearings, and very thin electronic wafers ...