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Stream power, originally derived by R. A. Bagnold in the 1960s, is the amount of energy the water in a river or stream is exerting on the sides and bottom of the river. [1] Stream power is the result of multiplying the density of the water, the acceleration of the water due to gravity, the volume of water flowing through the river, and the ...
The Hjulström curve, named after Filip Hjulström (1902–1982), is a graph used by hydrologists and geologists to determine whether a river will erode, transport, or deposit sediment. It was originally published in his doctoral thesis "Studies of the morphological activity of rivers as illustrated by the river Fyris .
From this follows that for grains greater than 5 mm the Shields parameter gets a constant value of 0,055. The gradient of a river (I) can be determined by Chézy formula: = in which = the coefficiënt of Chézy ( m 1/2 / s ); This is often in the order 50 ( m 1/2 / s ). For a flat bed (i.e. without ripples) C can be approximated with:
[2] The Streeter–Phelps equation is also known as the DO sag equation. This is due to the shape of the graph of the DO over time. The biological oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) curves in a river flowing right reaching equilibrium after a continuous input of high BOD influent is added into the river at x = 15 m and t = 0 s.
If another flow gauge at B, downstream of A is set up, one would expect the graph's bulge (or floodwave) to have the same shape. However, the shape of the river and flow resistance within a river (from the river bed, for example) can affect the shape of the floodwave. Oftentimes, the floodwave will be attenuated (have a reduced peak flow).
A river is a natural flow of freshwater that flows on or through land towards another body of water downhill. [1] This flow can be into a lake, an ocean, or another river. [1] A stream refers to water that flows in a natural channel, a geographic feature that can contain flowing water. [2] A stream may also be referred to as a watercourse. [2]
Data for the second quarter was revised lower to show productivity rising at a 2.1% pace instead of the previously reported 2.5% rate. US worker productivity rises moderately in third quarter ...
The stream order or waterbody order is a positive whole number used in geomorphology and hydrology to indicate the level of branching in a river system.. There are various approaches [1] to the topological ordering of rivers or sections of rivers based on their distance from the source ("top down" [2]) or from the confluence (the point where two rivers merge) or river mouth ("bottom up" [3 ...