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Waterborne diseases were once wrongly explained by the miasma theory, the theory that bad air causes the spread of diseases. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] However, people started to find a correlation between water quality and waterborne diseases, which led to different water purification methods, such as sand filtering and chlorinating their drinking water.
Viruses are a major cause of human waterborne and water-related diseases. Waterborne diseases are caused by water that is contaminated by human and animal urine and feces that contain pathogenic microorganisms. A subject can get infected through contact with or consumption of the contaminated water.
Pathogens can produce waterborne diseases in either human or animal hosts. [12] Some microorganisms sometimes found in contaminated surface waters that have caused human health problems include Burkholderia pseudomallei , Cryptosporidium parvum , Giardia lamblia , Salmonella , norovirus and other viruses, and parasitic worms including the ...
For over a century, public water systems have used chemical compounds to kill pathogens that cause waterborne diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever, saving countless lives. This purification ...
As a result, diseases that have never previously infected humans (Disease X) may 'spill over' from animals [17] Global warming, increased drought and flooding represent a significant threat to public health, likely leading to the escalation of vector, food and water-borne diseases [ 17 ] The effects of climate change on health will impact most ...
A study conducted in 2023 found increased cases of waterborne diseases including E-coli infections, Legionnaires' disease and Cryptosporidiosis in the weeks following storm-related flooding.
Diseases caused by pollution, lead to the chronic illness and deaths of about 8.4 million people each year. However, pollution receives a fraction of the interest from the global community. [ 1 ] This is in part because pollution causes so many diseases that it is often difficult to draw a straight line between cause and effect.
Marine invertebrates are susceptible to viral diseases. [60] [61] [62] Sea star wasting disease is a disease of starfish and several other echinoderms that appears sporadically, causing mass mortality of those affected. [63] There are around 40 different species of sea stars that have been affected by this disease.