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Rice blast is the most important disease concerning rice crops in the world. Since rice is an important food source for much of the world, its effects have a broad range. It has been found in over 85 countries across the world and reached the United States in 1996. Every year the amount of crops lost to rice blast could feed 60 million people.
Bacterial diseases; Bacterial blight Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae = X. campestris pv. oryzae [2] Bacterial leaf streak Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola: Foot rot Dickeya dadantii/Erwinia chrysanthemi: Grain rot Burkholderia glumae: Pecky rice (kernel spotting) Damage by bacteria (see also under fungal and miscellaneous diseases) Sheath brown rot
The rice false smut pathogen, Ustilaginoidea virens, invades through a small gap at the apex of a rice spikelet before heading. [7] The primary source of infection is the presence of chlamydospores in the soil. [8] During the vegetative stage of the growth of the rice crop, the fungus colonizes the tissue on the growing points on the tillers. [8]
A rice stem affected by the bakanae disease at the sporulation stage. The earliest known report of bakanae is from 1828; it was first described scientifically in 1898 by Japanese researcher Shotaro Hori, who showed that the causative agent was fungal. [1] The fungus affects rice crops in Asia, Africa, and North America.
Brown spot of rice is a plant fungal disease that usually occurs on the host leaves and glume, as well as seedlings, sheaths, stems and grains of adult host plants. Hosts include Oryza (Asian rice), Leersia (Cutgrass), Zizania (Wild rice), and other species as well such as Echinochloa colona (junglerice) and Zea mays (maize).
Gibberella fujikuroi is a fungal plant pathogen. It causes bakanae disease in rice seedlings. Rice infected with bakanae disease. Another name is foolish seedling disease. It gets that name because the seeds can be infected, leading to disparate outcomes for the plant. There are not many diseases that initiate similar symptoms as bakanae.
Its primary host is rice and it is also commonly found in maize and sunflowers. R. microsporus causes disease in humans, one of its alternative hosts, causing infections of the lungs. In one rare case it was found tainting hospital linens in Hong Kong leading to a scare that brought the disease into the forefront of mainstream media. [10]
The disease is found in rice plants usually injured by insects or other diseases. Hot (20–28 °C (68–82 °F)) and humid (wet) weather favour the disease. It is also associated with virus-infected plants. [5] Early symptoms are oblong to irregular spots, with gray centers and brown margins.