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Rice blast is the most important disease concerning rice crops in the world. Since rice is an important food source for much of the world, its effects have a broad range. It has been found in over 85 countries across the world and reached the United States in 1996. Every year the amount of crops lost to rice blast could feed 60 million people.
The rice false smut pathogen, Ustilaginoidea virens, invades through a small gap at the apex of a rice spikelet before heading. [7] The primary source of infection is the presence of chlamydospores in the soil. [8] During the vegetative stage of the growth of the rice crop, the fungus colonizes the tissue on the growing points on the tillers. [8]
Bacterial diseases; Bacterial blight Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae = X. campestris pv. oryzae [2] Bacterial leaf streak Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola: Foot rot Dickeya dadantii/Erwinia chrysanthemi: Grain rot Burkholderia glumae: Pecky rice (kernel spotting) Damage by bacteria (see also under fungal and miscellaneous diseases) Sheath brown rot
Rhizopus microsporus is a fungal plant pathogen infecting maize, sunflower, and rice. A domesticated variant of this species is used in the preparation of traditional soy fermentation such as tempeh and sufu (see Rhizopus oligosporus). It can also cause a nosocomial infection and necrosis to the infected area, particularly prevalent in pre-term ...
Epicoccum sorghinum (former Phoma sorghina) is an ascomycete fungus with known plant pathogenicity to sugarcane and rice, causing ring spot disease and leaf spot disease.This fungus is primarily known for its production of tenuazonic acid, which leads to complications with growth and causes the symptoms of leaf spot disease.
(The fungus also destroys the flowering structures of the plant, so it does not make seed, but the plants can still be propagated asexually by rhizome.) In an environment such as a rice paddy, new sprouts of wild rice are easily infected by spores; the fungus can also be transmitted directly through the rhizome.
Cochliobolus miyabeanus is an important plant pathogen because it causes a common and widespread rice disease that causes high level of crop yield losses. It was a major cause of the Bengal famine of 1943, where the crop yield was dropped by 40% to 90% and the death of 2 million people was recorded. [3] It is a possible agroterrorism weapon. [6]
Tilletia horrida, rice kernel smut, caryopsis smut, black smut, or grain smut, is a fungal rice disease believed to only affect the Oryza genus. [ CCG 2 ] [ CCG 3 ] It presents as a partial bunt. [ CCG 4 ]