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A nucleoside triphosphate is a nucleoside containing a nitrogenous base bound to a 5-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), with three phosphate groups bound to the sugar. [1] They are the molecular precursors of both DNA and RNA , which are chains of nucleotides made through the processes of DNA replication and transcription . [ 2 ]
In enzymology, a nucleoside-triphosphatase (NTPase) (EC 3.6.1.15) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction NTP + H 2 O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } NDP + phosphate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are NTP and H 2 O , whereas its two products are NDP and phosphate .
Transcription fidelity is achieved through multiple mechanisms. RNA polymerases select correct nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) substrate to prevent transcription errors. Only the NTP which correctly base pairs with the coding base in the DNA is admitted to the active center.
The conversion of a nucleoside-diphosphate (NDP) to a nucleoside-triphosphate (NTP) is catalyzed by nucleoside diphosphate kinase, which uses ATP as the phosphate donor. Similarly, nucleoside-monophosphate kinase carries out the phosphorylation of nucleoside-monophosphates.
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity involves the transfer of the γ-phosphate of nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) to nucleoside diphosphate (NDP), where N1 and N2 can be ribo- or deoxyribonucleosides. This is done via a high energy phosphohistidine intermediate.
Nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) binding – initially, the RdRp presents with a vacant active site in which an NTP binds, complementary to the corresponding nucleotide on the template strand. Correct NTP binding causes the RdRp to undergo a conformational change. [11]
Nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) provides the Pi, and is converted to Nucleoside diphosphate (NDP). In other bacteria, the stringent response is mediated by a variety of RelA/SpoT Homologue (RSH) proteins, [ 6 ] with some having only synthetic, or hydrolytic or both (Rel) activities.
In enzymology, a nucleoside-triphosphate-aldose-1-phosphate nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.28) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction nucleoside triphosphate + alpha-D-aldose 1-phosphate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } diphosphate + NDP-hexose
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