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The Wichita people, or Kitikiti'sh, are a confederation of Southern Plains Native American tribes. Historically they spoke the Wichita language and Kichai language , both Caddoan languages . They are indigenous to Oklahoma , Texas , and Kansas .
Etzanoa is a historical city of the Wichita people, located in present-day Arkansas City, Kansas, near the Arkansas River, that flourished between 1450 and 1700. [1] Dubbed "the Great Settlement" by Spanish explorers who visited the site, Etzanoa may have housed 20,000 Wichita people. [2]
The U.S. state of Kansas, located on the eastern edge of the Great Plains, was the home of nomadic Native American tribes who hunted the vast herds of bison (often called "buffalo"). In around 1450 AD, the Wichita People founded the great city of Etzanoa. The city of Etzanoa was abandoned in around 1700 AD.
In 1835, 1846, and 1872, the tribe signed treaties with the United States and the Wichita. The 1872 treaty established a reservation for them in Indian Territory , to which they were removed. In 1902, under the Dawes Allotment Act , the reservation lands were broken into individual allotments, and the Wacos became citizens of the United States ...
Quivira was a province of the ancestral Wichita people, [1] located near the Great Bend of the Arkansas River in central Kansas, [1] The exact site may be near present-day Lyons extending northeast to Salina. The Wichita city of Etzanoa, which flourished between 1450 and 1700, is likely part of Quivira. [2]
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The tribe did not select another leader and fragmented. Some joined the Tawakoni on the Brazos River. The Americans came to collectively call them "Wichita." [14] In 1835, the Taovaya signed a treaty with the Americans and were relocated from Texas to an Indian reservation in southwest Indian Territory. [2]
With the Wichita, Waco, Caddo, Nadaco, Kichai, and Hainai tribes, the Tawakoni settled on a reservation in 1872 between the Canadian and Washita Rivers. [ 3 ] Although these tribes resisted the allotment policy outlines in the Dawes Act , their reservation was broken into individual allotments, and "surplus" lands were opened to non-Native ...