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Following the venatio in the order of daily events was the execution of convicted Roman citizens of lower status, the humiliores.Usual forms of execution included burning at the stake, crucifixion, or ad bestias (when the prisoner is left alone in the ring with one or more wild animals).
The spectacles in ancient Rome were numerous, open to all citizens and generally free of charge; some of them were distinguished by the grandeur of the stagings and cruelty. Romans preferred to attend gladiatorial fights, those with ferocious beasts ( venationes ), reproductions of naval battles ( naumachia ), chariot races , athletic contests ...
The Amphitheatre of Pompeii in the 1800s, one of the earliest known Roman amphitheatres. It is uncertain when and where the first amphitheatres were built. There are records attesting to temporary wooden amphitheatres built in the Forum Romanum for gladiatorial games from the second century BC onwards, and these may be the origin of the architectural form later expressed in stone. [5]
In 7 BC, Augustus reorganized Rome for administrative purposes into 265 districts which replaced but which were still called vici. [22] An image of the Genius of Augustus now stood between the Lares at the crossroads shrines, and the ludi once considered dangerously subversive became expressions of Imperial piety .
word for word and letter by letter: verbi divini minister: servant of the Divine Word: A phrase denoting a priest. Cf. "Verbum Dei" infra. verbi gratia (v. gr. or v. g.) for example: Literally, "for the sake of a word". Verbum Dei: Word of God: See religious text. Verbum Domini lucerna pedibus nostris: The word of the Lord [is] a light for our feet
Perfectly correct Latin sentence usually reported as funny from modern Italians because the same exact words, in today's dialect of Rome, mean "A black dog eats a beautiful peach", which has a ridiculously different meaning. canes pugnaces: war dogs or fighting dogs: canis canem edit: dog eats dog
The ovation (Latin: ovatio from ovare: to rejoice) was a lesser form [1] of the Roman triumph.Ovations were granted when war was not declared between enemies on the level of nations or states; when an enemy was considered basely inferior (e.g., slaves, pirates); or when the general conflict was resolved with little or no danger to the army itself. [2]
Sacramentum is the origin of the English word "sacrament", a transition in meaning pointed to by Apuleius's use of the word to refer to religious initiation. [4]