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  2. Color charge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_charge

    Color charge is a property of quarks and gluons that is related to the particles' strong interactions in the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Like electric charge, it determines how quarks and gluons interact through the strong force; however, rather than there being only positive and negative charges, there are three "charges", commonly called red, green, and blue.

  3. Gibbs–Donnan effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbs–Donnan_effect

    Donnan equilibrium across a cell membrane (schematic). The Gibbs–Donnan effect (also known as the Donnan's effect, Donnan law, Donnan equilibrium, or Gibbs–Donnan equilibrium) is a name for the behaviour of charged particles near a semi-permeable membrane that sometimes fail to distribute evenly across the two sides of the membrane. [1]

  4. Strong interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction

    It was known that the nucleus was composed of protons and neutrons and that protons possessed positive electric charge, while neutrons were electrically neutral. By the understanding of physics at that time, positive charges would repel one another and the positively charged protons should cause the nucleus to fly apart.

  5. Electrostatics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatics

    The electrostatic field (lines with arrows) of a nearby positive charge (+) causes the mobile charges in conductive objects to separate due to electrostatic induction. Negative charges (blue) are attracted and move to the surface of the object facing the external charge. Positive charges (red) are repelled and move to the surface facing away ...

  6. Electric charge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge

    Electric charge (symbol q, sometimes Q) is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. Electric charge can be positive or negative. Like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. An object with no net charge is referred to as electrically neutral.

  7. Fluid theory of electricity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_theory_of_electricity

    One liquid carried a positive charge, and the other a negative charge. When these two liquids came into contact with one another, they would produce a neutral charge. [ 3 ] This theory dealt mainly with explaining electrical attraction and repulsion, rather than how an object could be charged or discharged.

  8. Coulomb's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb's_law

    If both charges have the same sign (like charges) then the product is positive and the direction of the force on is given by ^; the charges repel each other. If the charges have opposite signs then the product is negative and the direction of the force on is ^; the charges attract each other.

  9. Electric field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field

    When the charges and have the same sign this force is positive, directed away from the other charge, indicating the particles repel each other. When the charges have unlike signs the force is negative, indicating the particles attract.