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Public participation, also known as citizen participation or patient and public involvement, is the inclusion of the public in the activities of any organization or project. Public participation is similar to but more inclusive than stakeholder engagement .
Public participation in decision-making has been studied as a way to align value judgements and risk trade-offs with public values and attitudes about acceptable risk. This research is of interest for emerging areas of science, including controversial technologies and new applications.
Public engagement or public participation is a concept that has recently been used to describe "the practice of involving members of the public in the agenda-setting, ...
Active participation by local citizens and other stakeholders aims to enhance both the quality and relevance of the suggested interventions. Implementation Stage is when the planned intervention is implemented. Participation at this stage increases commitment, relevance and sustainability.
Civic engagement or civic participation is any individual or group activity addressing issues of public concern. [1] Civic engagement includes communities working together or individuals working alone in both political and non-political actions to protect public values or make a change in a community.
While direct democracy was the original concept, its representative version is the most widespread today. [4] Public participation, in this context, is the inclusion of the public in the activities of a polity. It can be any process that directly engages the public in decision-making and gives consideration to its input. [5]
The public sphere (German: Öffentlichkeit) is an area in social life where individuals can come together to freely discuss and identify societal problems, and through that discussion influence political action. A "Public" is "of or concerning the people as a whole."
Community-based research is more likely to trigger public action and engagement with environmental issues than traditional research. [7] Bottom up community-based research in which community members oversee each phase of the research project is more likely to inspire structural reforms that are responsive to the needs of EJ communities. [6]