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The "physical presence in Australia test" is one of the three tests under Australian law through which a charitable institution may be entitled to the income tax-exempt charity endorsement; the others are the "deductible gift recipient test" and the "prescribed by law" test. The two elements of the test are whether the institution has a ...
The Substantial Presence Test (SPT) is a criterion used by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in the United States to determine whether an individual who is not a citizen or lawful permanent resident in the recent past qualifies as a "resident for tax purposes" or a "nonresident for tax purposes"; [1] [2] it is a form of physical presence test.
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Presence has been delineated into subtypes, such as physical-, social-, and self-presence. [1] Lombard's working definition was "a psychological state in which virtual objects are experienced as actual objects in either sensory or nonsensory ways."
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[3] [5] The encointer project adapts this approach by asking participants to meet in small groups simultaneously at randomly-chosen places, to verify each other's physical presence. [ 7 ] One drawback of this approach is the inconvenience to participants of going to designated physical locations at specific times, especially for participants ...
Current standards support a rich choice of additional presence attributes that can be used for presence information, such as user mood, location, or free text status. The analogy with free/busy tone on PSTN is inexact, as the "on-hook" telephone status reflects the ability of the network to reach the recipient after the requester has initiated ...