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The North American P-51 Mustang makes significant use of the Meredith effect in its belly radiator design. [1]The Meredith effect is a phenomenon whereby the aerodynamic drag produced by a cooling radiator may be offset by careful design of the cooling duct such that useful thrust is produced by the expansion of the hot air in the duct.
A typical automotive cooling system comprises: a series of galleries cast into the engine block and cylinder head, surrounding the combustion chambers with circulating liquid to carry away heat; a radiator, consisting of many small tubes equipped with a honeycomb of fins to dissipate heat rapidly, that receives and cools hot liquid from the engine;
Cooling system regulation includes adjustable baffles in the air flow (sometimes called 'shutters' and commonly run by a pneumatic 'shutterstat'); a fan which operates either independently of the engine, such as an electric fan, or which has an adjustable clutch; and a thermostatic valve or a thermostat that can block the coolant flow when too ...
Engines which require a tighter control of temperature, as they are sensitive to "Thermal shock" caused by surges of coolant, may use a "constant inlet temperature" system. In this arrangement the inlet cooling to the engine is controlled by double-valve thermostat which mixes a re-circulating sensing flow with the radiator cooling flow.
The internal combustion engine in most cars and trucks is cooled by a water and antifreeze mixture that is circulated through the engine and radiator by a water pump to enable the radiator to give off engine heat to the atmosphere. Some of that coolant can be diverted through the heater core to give some engine heat to the cabin, or adjust the ...
Bleed screws are not common on cars today and are only necessary when design of an engine's cooling system results in areas where air can be trapped in the system. [citation needed] Air in the system can lead to overheating of the engine and in modern cars also to poor vehicle operation (e.g. problems with the AC system or incorrect engine idle).
1937 diagram of engine cooling entirely by thermosiphon circulation. Some early cars, motor vehicles, and engine-powered farm and industrial equipment used thermosiphon circulation to move cooling water between their cylinder block and radiator. This method of water circulation depends on keeping enough cool air moving past the radiator to ...
The Roman hypocaust is an early example of a type of radiator for building space heating. Franz San Galli, a Prussian-born Russian businessman living in St. Petersburg, is credited with inventing the heating radiator around 1855, [1] [2] having received a radiator patent in 1857, [3] but American Joseph Nason developed a primitive radiator in 1841 [4] and received a number of U.S. patents for ...