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Serfdom reached Eastern Europe centuries later than Western Europe—it became dominant around the 15th century. Before that time, Eastern Europe had been much more sparsely populated than Western Europe, and the lords of Eastern Europe created a peasantry-friendly environment to encourage migration east. [3]
Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism, and similar systems. It was a condition of debt bondage and indentured servitude with similarities to and differences from slavery. It developed during late antiquity and the Early Middle Ages in Europe and lasted in some countries until the mid-19th ...
Serfdom in Poland was a legal and economic system that bound the peasant population to hereditary plots of land owned by the szlachta, or Polish nobility. [1] Emerging from the 12th century, this system became firmly established by the 16th century, significantly shaping the social, economic, and political landscape of the Polish–Lithuanian ...
Most aspects of serfdom are also eliminated de facto between 1315 and 1318. [23] 1318 France: King Philip V abolishes serfdom in his domain. [24] 1335: Sweden: Slavery abolished (including Sweden's territory in Finland). However, slaves are not banned entry into the country until 1813. [25]
The End of the Old Order in Rural Europe (1978) influential comparative history; Crisp, Olga. "The state peasants under Nicholas I." Slavonic and East European Review 37.89 (1959): 387-412 online. Dennison, Tracy. The institutional framework of Russian serfdom (Cambridge University Press, 2011) excerpt Archived 2014-04-29 at the Wayback Machine
There was still a market for slavery in medieval Europe in the Early Middle Ages, but it gradually started to be phased out in favor of serfdom. However, there was a major market for slavery in the Muslim Middle East, and European slaves were referred to in the Muslim world as saqaliba. The Republic of Venice was one of the early suppliers of ...
Polish language and culture became high culture, subordinating Lithuanian language and culture much as ethnic Lithuanians were subordinated by feudal bondage or serfdom. Serfdom was, by definition, a form of land bondage: essentially, slavery to the feudal noble in the form of unpaid labor on the lands of his estate. Serfs were legally bonded ...
In 1794, Garlieb Merkel advocated abolition of serfdom in Livonia and Estonia in his influential book German: Die Letten vorzüglich in Liefland am Ende des philosophischen Jahrhunderts, Ein Beytrag zur Völker- und Menschenkunde ("The Admirable Latvians of Livonia at the end of the Century of Philosophy, with an Addendum on Peoples and ...